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| EVIDENCE FOR EFFICACY (HUMAN DATA) |
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Clinical Trials
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Short-term supplementation with oily garlic formulation on lipid metabolism, glucose level and antioxidant status was tested in 70 subjects (32 males, 38 females)suffering from primary arterial hypertension and found to have hypolipemic and antioxidant properties.
Duda 2008
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The meta-analysis suggests that garlic preparations are superior to placebo in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
Ried 2008
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The systemic increase of nitric oxide due to the ingestion of garlic on the plasma interferon-alpha level in normal volunteers was investigated and showed that consumption of garlic resulted in stimulated synthesis of NO and, in turn, IFN-alpha.
Bhattacharyya 2007
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The frequency of garlic usage in hypertensive population was investigated and acute effect of garlic and garlic tablets on blood pressure in patients with hypertension was evaluated. 4102 of the 7703 patients (53.3%) reported that they were using garlic.
Capraz 2007
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In study of 80 males (40 aged 18-60; 40 61yrs and over) and 80 females (same age ranges) A. sativum was less effective than dry extract of G. biloba in reducing blood viscosity.
Galdur?007
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The clinical evidence based on rigorous trials of the effectiveness of garlic relates to cancer, common cold, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease and pre-eclampsia was assessed.
Pittler 2007
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Platelet function is not impaired by single and repeated oral consumption of a dietary dose of garlic in 18 healthy volunteers. Dishes containing socially acceptable doses of raw garlic are unlikely to increase the risk of perioperative bleeding.
Scharbert 2007
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A pilot study evaluating coronary artery calcification and the effect of garlic therapy in a group of patients who were also on statin therapy suggested incremental benefits.
Budoff 2006
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A double-blind trial with 3 interventions namely treatment with amoxicillin & omeprazole, long-term administration of garlic (aged garlic ext. & steam distilled garlic oil) & supplement (vit. E & C & selenium) to study their effects in reducing precancerous gastric lesions is described.
Gail 2006
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In a randomized double-blind trial, administration of aged garlic extract to 50 patients with advanced cancer of the digestive system improved natural-killer cell activity, but caused no improvement in quality of life.
Ishikawa 2006
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The use of whole blood platelet lumi-aggregometry was studied to optimize anti-platelet therapy comprising aspirin, clopidogrel, and/or odorless garlic in 27 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
Manoharan 2006
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The review of trials on the effects of garlic on prevention of pre-eclampsia and its complications found just one study of uncertain quality (n=100) which showed no differences between dried garlic tablets and placebo.
Meher 2006
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Study on the effect of oral garlic on arterial oxygen pressure in 15 children with hepatopulmonary syndrome shows that garlic may increase oxygenation and improve dyspnea.
Najafi Sani 2006
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A randomised, double blind pilot study of 20 female inpatients with systemic sclerosis received a 7 day add-on therapy with either 900 mg dried garlic powder or placebo shows improved rheologic properties. [Article in German]
Rapp 2006
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The effect of Monascus Garlic Fermented Extract (MGFE) on 15 hyperlipidemic subjects indicate that MGFE attenuates hyperlipidemia, suggesting that MGFE is a potent agent for preventing arteriosclerotic diseases.
Sumioka 2006
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A preliminary double-blind, randomized clinical trial using high-dose aged garlic extract (AGE 2.4 mL/d) as an active treatment and low-dose AGE (AGE 0.16 mL/d) as a control, suppresses progression of colorectal adenomas in 37 patients.
Tanaka 2006
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A clinical trial to examine if aged garlic extract reduces macro- & microvascular endothelial dysfunction during acute hyperhomocysteinemia induced by oral methionine in healthy subjects suggests that it prevents a decrease in bioavailable NO & endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.
Weiss 2006
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A long term randomized trial of 3365 subjects in China to test effects of one-time Helicobacter pylori treatment and long-term vitamin or garlic supplements in reducing the prevalence of advanced precancerous gastric lesions, found vitamin or garlic supplementation had no beneficial effects.
You 2006
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Trial of long-term supplementation with garlic and micronutrients and of short-term amoxicillin and omeprazole treatment on serum total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in 3411 subjects from a rural Chinese found long-term garlic supplementation had no effect on lipid profiles
Zhang 2006
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The antioxidant effect of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, nitric oxide and superoxide generation and on the total antioxidant status in patients of essential hypertension was explored.
Dhawan 2005
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A study conducted on 50 renal transplant patients showed that undamaged garlic (swallowed) had no lowering effect on lipid level of serum, but Crushed garlic (chewed) reduces cholesterol, triglyceride, Malondialdehyde and blood pressure.
Jabbari 2005
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The hypothesis that the ingestion of garlic provides protection against bloodsucking pests such as mosquitoes was investigated using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study with negative results.
Rajan 2005
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In a randomized trial of 56 patients, topical application of garlic paste for 14 days was found to be as effective as that of clotrimazole solution in suppressing clinical signs of oral candidiasis.
Sabitha 2005
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Double blind placebo-controlled study of 167 patients with hyperlipidemia free of IHD found allicor (long-acting garlic drug) is effective in reducing multifactorial risk of cardiovascular diseases.
[Article in Russian]
Sobenin 2005
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Clinical trial of 15 men with angiographically proven coronary artery disease suggests short-term treatment with aged garlic extract may improve impaired endothelial function
Williams 2005
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Assessment of the extent to which recently published randomized controlled trials of herbal supplements including echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, etc. were characterized and verified was found wanting.
Wolsko 2005
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The hypocholesterolemic action of long-acting garlic powder tablets Allicor was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in men with mild hypercholesterolemia showing that allicor lowers total cholesterol, LDLP cholesterol, and raises HDLP cholesterol. [Article in Russian]
Andrianova 2004
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A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of karinat, containing beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid & garlic powder was carried out in patients with chronic multifocal atrophic gastritis which revealed significant improvement. [Article in Russian]
Berspalov 2004
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The effectiveness of the antioxidant drug "Karinat" which contains garlic powder 150 mg as one of the ingredient per tablet was significantly higher (29%) in 34 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. [Article in Russian].
Berspalov 2004
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A small pilot study with 23 patients indicates the potential ability of aged garlic extract to inhibit the rate of progression of coronary calcification, as compared to placebo over 1 year.
Budoff 2004
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Study of short-term garlic supplementation in twenty essential hypertensive patients on indices of oxidative stress compared with 20 age and sex-matched normotensive controls suggests dietary supplementation of garlic may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure and oxidative stress.
Dhawan 2004
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Garlic extract supplementation improves blood lipid profile, strengthens blood antioxidant potential, and causes significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in 23 volunteer subjects with high blood cholesterol (>5.98 mmol/L).
Durak 2004
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Findings of the enhancing activity of ajoene on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in CD34-positive resistant human myeloid leukaemia cells suggest a novel promising role for the treatment of refractory and/or relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients as well as elderly AML patients.
Hassan 2004
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A major allergen, alliin lyase, was identified by mass spectrometry & Edman sequencing and purified to homogeneity using chromatographic method. Skin tests showed that the purified protein elicited IgE-mediated hypersensitive responses in patients with garlic allergy.
Kao 2004
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A double-blinded study of 51 patients suggest the possibility of preventive and therapeutic effects of aged garlic extract on colorectal adenomas, though it is necessary to investigate these in larger-scale and longer-term trials.
Tanaka 2004
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The cholesterol-lowering and side effects of garlic enteric coated tablets in comparison with placebo tablets was investigated in 116 volunteers. Side effects included headache, itching and complaints of garlic smell.
Tanamai 2004
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A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Garlic powder tablets showed no clinically relevant lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects in 75 middle-aged, normo-lipidaemic individuals.
Turner 2004
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Evaluation of the clinical effects of garlic plaster on recurrent oral ulcer in 30 patients found the complete effective rate was 83.3%, the partial effective rate was 16.7%, and the total effective rate was 100%. [Article in Chinese]
Xie 2004
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The low methodological quality of the studies make it difficult to recommend garlic as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
Alder 2003
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The long acting garlic tablets "allicor" was found to be effective for non-specific prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in 172 children and had no side effects but ARD prevention with benzimidazole was ineffective in placebo-controlled study.[Article in Russian].
Andrianova 2003
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The hypolipidemic effect of Kwai, a preparation based on garlic powder was most pronounced in patients with coronary heart disease with initial cholesterol >7.0 mmol/liter and triglyceride >1.92 mmol/liter.
Chernyad'eva 2003
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The garlic extracts were unlikely to alter the disposition of coadministered medications primarily dependent on the cytochrome P450 2D6 or CYP3A4 pathway of metabolism in 14 healthy volunteers.
Markowitz 2003
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Short-term therapy of garlic in the form of alliin 22.4 mg/day was given to 13 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia but no evidence of cardiovascular disease did not affect either lipid levels or various psychopathologic parameters.
Peleg 2003
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Chemical composition of garlic and its hypolipidemic, antioxidative, antibacterial and antitumorogenic properties were elucidated in experimental, clinical &
epidemiological studies.[Article in Russian].
Ryzhenkov 2003
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Garlic intake for long durations (years) did not appear to have an effect on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Eighty-one garlic consuming asymptomatic Taskopru subjects in Turkey.
Salih 2003
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Treatment of Naturopathic Herbal Extract Ear Drops which includes Allium sativum was found to be beneficial in 171 children aged between 5 to 18 years suffering with otitis media.
Sarrell 2003
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Topical application of ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from garlic, to the tumors of 21 patients with either nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma reduced the tumor size in 17 patients by inducing the mitochondria-dependent route of apoptosis.
Tilli 2003
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The study of use of alternative pharmacotherapy in management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) revealed that garlic may lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but may increase bleeding, so its use in CVD patients should be monitored.
Chagan 2002
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The study of antimicrobial activity of garlic, tea tree oil, and chlorhexidine against oral microorganisms of 30 subjects showed that garlic and tea tree oil found to be an alternative to chlorhexidine.
Groppo 2002
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Allicor found more effective than kwai in reduction of diastolic blood pressure. [Article in Russian]
Andrianova 2002
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Consumption of whole strawberries, garlic juice, or kale juice may reduce endogenous N-nitrosodimethylamine formation.
Chung 2002
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Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract for 14 d reduced plasma and urine concentrations of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) by 29% and 37% in nonsmokers and by 35% and 48% in smokers.
Dillon 2002
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The reduced risk of prostate cancer associated with allium vegetables like garlic,scallions,onions, etc., was independent of body size, intake of other foods,& total calorie and was more pronounced for men with localized than with advanced prostate cancer.
Hsing 2002
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An interventional randomized controlled trial is being carried out in 100 patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer using aged garlic extract capsules.[Article in Japanese].
Ishikawa 2002
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Some of the positive and negative results from randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements including garlic, for a number of non-urologic and urologic conditions, including cancer have been reviewed.
Moyad 2002
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Aged garlic extract may have significant anti-oxidant effect on sickle RBC.
Takasu 2002
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Lipid lowering herbal drugs like Allium sativum L., Cynara scolymus L.,Curcumae longa L exert beneficial effects for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis patients.[Article in German].
Wegener 2002
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Garlicin effectively inhibited the CD11a expression (49.16 +/- 31.68%) in peripheral blood neutrophils and improved the deformability of the neutrophils in acute cerebral infarction patients. [Article in Chinese].
Zhang 2002a
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Clinical trials suggest possible small short-term benefits of garlic on some lipid and antiplatelet factors, insignificant effects on blood pressure, and no effect on glucose levels.
Ackermann 2001
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Allicor significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo, reduced blood fibrinogen, and normalized initially low fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolysis index.
Andrianova 2001
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Study of moderately hypercholesterolemic adults treated with garlic powder preparation found no significant effect on plasma lipids levels. There was no indication of a graded effect by garlic dose over the range of 0, 500 and 1000 mg/day.
Gardner 2001
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Volunteers in allicin-containing supplement treatment group were less likely to get a cold and recovered faster if infected. Volunteers taking placebo were much more likely to get more than one cold over the treatment period.
Josling 2001
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The enteric-coated garlic powder supplements with 9.6 mg allicin-releasing potential in 46 hypocholesterolemic patients, reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.36 mmol/L. -4.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.44 mmol/L, -6.6%) in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study.
Kannar 2001
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Reduction of in vivo cytochrome P450 2E1 activity by diallyl sulphide is consistent with inhibition observed in vitro. The inhibitory effect of DAS maybe additive with daily consumption of Allium vegetables in particular.
Loizou 2001
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The antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil, garlic, and chlorhexidine solutions against oral microorganisms was compared. [Article in Chinese]
Ma 2001
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4 mg capsules of garlic oil with a meal four times per day for 14 days does not inhibit Helicobacter pylori.
McNulty 2001
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Results confirm acute triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL suppression at higher dosages of fish oil and garlic combination supplements, which was simultaneous with loss of suppression of plasma levels of other liver function marker enzymes not involved in cholesterol synthesis.
Morcos 2001
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Of the 502 diabetic subjects, 78% were taking prescribed medication for their diabetes, 44% were taking over-the-counter supplements and 31% were taking alternative medications includilng garlic and echinacea.
Ryan 2001
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Otikon, a naturopathic ear drop formulation (containing Allium sativum, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula flores, and Hypericum perforatum in olive oil), found as effective as anaesthetic ear drops and appropriate for management of acute otitis media-associated ear pain.
Sarrell 2001
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The latest clinical research suggests that consumption of garlic powder does not play a significant role in lowering plasma lipid levels when in conjunction with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
Spigelski 2001
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Among 1,675 HIV-positive men and women the most frequently reported complementary and alternative medicine substances were vitamin C (63%), multiple vitamin and mineral supplements (54%), vitamin E (53%) and garlic (53%).
Standish 2001
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Aged garlic extract exerts selective inhibition on platelet aggregation and adhesion, with implications for prevention of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
Steiner 2001
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The intake of garlic via urinary excretion of S-allyl mercapturic acid was detected in 15 out of 16 urine samples of garlic supplement takers, which indicates good compliance.
Verhagen 2001
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study showed that aged garlic extract supplementation was effective in lowering plasma concentration of total cholesterol by 7% and LDL cholesterol by 10% in hypercholesterolemic men than subjects consuming a placebo.
Yeh 2001
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An intervention trial to inhibit the progression of precancerous gastric lesions using the garlic preparation for 39 months showed a compliance rate of 92.9% and no differences in side-effects compared to placebo.
You 2001
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Significant differences found between men and women in effect of cyclodextrin-bound garlic oil for HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol; women had reduced CHD risk factors, whereas men had small adverse effects.
Zhang 2001
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800mg/day of Garlet (garlic tablets) during the third trimester of pregnancy reduced the occurrence of hypertension, but was not effective in preventing of preeclampsia.
Ziaei 2001
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"A strategic call to utilize Echinacea-garlic in flu-cold seasons." (review, no abstract)
Abdullah 2000
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[Garlic oil and Helicobacter pylori infection.]
Aydin 2000
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Meta-analysis found that high intake of raw and cooked garlic may be protective against stomach and colorectal cancers.
Fleischauer 2000
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Cholesterol decreased after 8 weeks in volunteer groups with guggulipid from 212 to 143, with allicin from 148 to 130, and with bengal gram seeds from 157 to 135
Ghorai 2000
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Atherosclerosis treatment with garlic lacks clinical validation
Jepson 2000
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Venezuelan soldiers with clinical and mycologic diagnosis of tinea pedis were randomly distributed into 3 treatment groups: 0.6% ajoene, 1% ajoene, and 1% terbinafine. Treatment efficacy was 72% for 0.6% ajoene, 100% for 1% ajoene, and 94% for 1% terbinafine.
Ledezma 2000
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After garlicin treatment for unstable angina pectoris,effective rates of improved symptoms and electrocardiogram were respectively 82% and 62%; plasma endothelin and blood sugar levels were markedly lowered in hyperglycemia cases.
Li 2000
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Ingestion of 5 mL aged garlic extract (AGE, Kyolic) per day by normolipidemic subjects, may be beneficial in protecting against cardiovascular disease attributed to inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Rahman 2000
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Garlic may be superior to placebo in reducing total cholesterol levels. However, the effect size is modest, and may not be robust.
Stevinson 2000
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Reduced mean peak particle diameter in pattern A (large LDL) was the only cholesterol parameter that changed in a study of 50 moderately hypercholesterolemic patients
Superko 2000
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Acute vasoactive effect of a dried hydrophilic extract of garlic with 600 mg active substance (Alliosan) was shown to increase cutaneous microperfusion.
Wohlrab 2000
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LDL oxidation was unchanged by garlic in pilot trial.
Byrne 1999
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Arteriosclerotic plaque volume in carotid & femoral arteries decreased 5-18% with continuous intake of high-dose garlic powder in a study of 152 people
Koscielny 1999
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Tinea was healed by ajoene (0.6%) & terbinafine (1%) in 73% & 71% after 2 month study of 60 soldiers
Ledezma 1999
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[Effects of garlicin tablet on plasma endothelin and nitric oxide in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris][Article in Chinese].
Li 1999
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LDL isolated from people taking 0.8g DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate or 2.4g aged garlic extract for 7 days was more resistant to Cu2+-mediated oxidation. Raw garlic (6g) was not effective
Munday 1999
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Prospective, 4-year clinical trial of garlic found 9-18% reduction & 3% regression in plaque volume, decrease in LDL 4%, increase in HDL 8%, lowered blood pressure 7% and opening of K(Ca)ion channels.
Siegel 1999
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Crossover study with 25 moderate hypercholesterolemia patients found no influence on serum lipoproteins, cholesterol absorption, or cholesterol synthesis.
Berthold 1998
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New rigorously designed controlled studies show less evidence for lipid lowering properties of garlic; a review
Berthold 1998
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Total cholesterol, triglycerides & platelet thromboxane formation decreased and HDL increased in 30 coronary artery disease patients taking garlic for 3 months compared with placebo. There was no effect on fibrinogen & glucose levels
Bordia 1998
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No significant lipid or lipoprotein changes with 300 mg of garlic powder (Kwai) 3 times per day for 12 weeks were found in a double blind study with 40 hypercholesterolemia patients
Isaacsohn 1998
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"The effect of garlic on hypercholesterolemia in renal transplant patients " (no abstract)
Lash 1998
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No significant effect on cholesterol levels by garlic extract (Kwai 300 mg, 3 times a day) in 30 teens with familial hyperlipidemia having fasting total cholesterol over 4.8 mmol/L (> 185 mg/dL)
McCrindle 1998
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Garlic extract (300 mg, 3 times a day for 8 weeks) therapy has no significant effect on cardiovascular risk factors in 30 pediatric patients with familial hyperlipidemia.
McCrindle 1998
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Platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or collagen were decreased by aged garlic extract vs. placebo in a 10-month study with moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Platelet adhesion to fibrinogen was reduced 30%
Steiner 1998
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Infection with Helicobacter pylori was a risk factor and garlic was found to be protective, in the development and progression of advanced precancerous gastric lesions in Chinese population at relatively low risk of gastric cancer.
You 1998
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Coadministration of garlic with fish oil had a beneficial effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 50 male subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Adler 1997
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Pulse wave velocity & pressure-standardized elastic vascular resistance were lower in the garlic group of 101 people who took 300 mg/d garlic for over 2 years than in matched controls.
Breithaupt-Grogler 1997
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[Assessment of the anticarcinogenic potential of raw garlic in humans.]
Hageman 1997
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Review authors found 1 randomized control trial of garlic therapy in patients with lower limb atherosclerosis. This one small trial (n=78) of short duration found that 2 coated tablets of 200mg oral standardized garlic powder twice daily had no statistically significant effect on walking. distance.
Jespon 1997
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[Efficacy of multiple dietary therapies in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors.]
Kris-Etherton 1997
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"Immunologic aspects of alisate in diabetes mellitus patients " (Russian, no abstract)
Mel'chinskaia 1997
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40 hyperlipid patients who added fish oil (1800 mg EPA + 1200 mg docosahexanoic acid) with garlic powder (1200 mg) capsules to their diet had decreases in cholesterol (11%), triglyceride (34%), LDL (10%) & HDL (19%).
Morcos 1997
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Patients taking liquid Allicin mixed with distilled water had less diarrhea and stable or increasing body weight and repeated testing in several patients showed negative results for cryptosporidium parasites.
[No authors listed] 1996
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The investigation of 1000 patients for occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices includes garlic, cinnamon and clove.
Kanerva 1996
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The use of ajoene as a 0.4% (w/w) cream resulted in complete clinical and mycological cure in 27 of 34 patients (79%) with tinea pedis after 7 days of treatment.
Ledezma 1996
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The clinical trial on the effect of 900 mg/day of dried garlic powder (standardised to1.3% allicin) in reducing total cholesterol revealed that garlic was less effective in reducing total cholesterol than suggested by meta-analyses.
Neil 1996
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No benefit by 900 mg/day dried garlic powder (standardised @ 1.3% allicin) in 115 individuals with 6.0-8.5 mmol/l total cholesterol & 3.5 mmol/l LDL, in contrast to previous meta-analyses that showed reduction in total cholesterol of -0.65 mmol/l
Neil 1996
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Decreases in cholesterol 7%, LDL 4% & systolic blood pressure 5.5% by 7.2 g aged garlic extract/d for 6 mo in a double-blind crossover study of 41 moderately hypercholesterolemic men, 5.7-7.5 mmol/L (220-290 mg/dL)
Steiner 1996
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Combined treatment of gonococcal arthritis by acupuncture, garlic moxibustion, pricking blood, cupping and drawing hydrarthrus benefited 85% of 116 patients
Wang 1996
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Colorectal polyps risk is lowered by vegetables 0.47, fruits 0.65, grains 0.55 and by high carotenoid vegetables, cruciferae, high vitamin C fruits, garlic, and tofu in a study of 488 matched pairs after sigmoidoscopy
Witte 1996
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Cholesterol decreased 20%, thromboxane decreased 80% and serum glucose was unchanged after 26 weeks of consuming one clove (about 3 g) of fresh garlic daily
Ali 1995
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Unchanged plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, or blood pressure in a double-blind, crossover study with hypercholesterolaemia (5.5-8.05 mmol/l) taking Kwai garlic powder tablets 300 mg three times daily for 12 weeks
Simons 1995
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Acetaminophen metabolism was nearly unaffected in 16 people taking garlic extract (equivalent to 6-7 cloves) for 3 months
Gwilt 1994
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Meta analysis of 8 trials with 415 subjects found 3 had reduced systolic blood pressure and 4 lower diastolic blood pressure but more-rigorously designed and analysed trials are needed
Silagy 1994
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Meta analysis of 16 trials with 952 subjects found total cholesterol & serum triglyceride were lowered by garlic
Silagy 1994
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Total cholesterol & LDL decreased modestly in a study with 42 people with cholesterol over 220 mg/dl taking 900 mg/d garlic powder tablets for 12 weeks
Jain 1993
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43 patients with high cholesterol (230-390) had a modest lowering by garlic-ginkgo combination compared with placebo
Kenzelmann 1993
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Peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage II improved slightly in a 12-week study with garlic powder (800 mg/d)
Kiesewetter 1993
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Infants who had no exposure to garlic in their mothers' milk during the experimental period spent more time breast-feeding after their mothers ingested garlic capsules
Mennella 1993
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Meta analysis of 5 (out of 28) studies finds cholesterol decreased in garlic groups by 9%
Warshafsky 1993
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Infant thrush treatment with 0.06/1000 allicin
Zhang 1992
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Vasodilation of precapillary arterioles by garlic powder (Kwai, 900 mg) in humans which increases the diameter of erythrocyte column by 8.6%
Jung 1991
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Spontaneous thrombocyte aggregation disappeared, skin microcirculation increased 47.6% and decreases in plasma viscosity by 3.2%, diastolic blood pressure by 9.5% and blood glucose by 11.6%
Kiesewetter 1991
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Giardia & Hymenolepis treatment with garlic in 36 children
Soffar 1991
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Ascaris lumbricoides was not reduced by garlic, 8 gm/d for 5 days to children, as an infusion
Campos 1990
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Improvement of blood fluidity and increased fibrinolytic activity by garlic in a double blind study
Kiesewetter 1990
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Lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure in a double-blind study of 40 hypercholesterolaemic patients taking 900 mg/d garlic powder (equivalent to 2,700 mg fresh garlic
Vorberg 1990
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Methodlolgical shortcomings in clinical trials with garlic
Kleijnen 1989
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"Garlic and diabetes mellitus phase II clinical trial " (no abstract)
Sitprija 1987
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Fibrinolytic activity increased by 72% and 63% within 6 h of administration of raw or fried garlic, respectively
Chutani 1981
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Cholesterol decreased in people taking 10 g of raw garlic daily with their diet for two months
Bhushan 1979
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Observational Studies/Case Reports
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Ingestion of garlic leads to significantly lowered plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels and to increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes, suggesting consumption of garlic decreases oxidation reactions with potential beneficial effect in elderly.
Avci 2008
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The effects of short-term supplementation with oily garlic formulation on lipid metabolism, glucose level and antioxidant status in patients suffering from primary arterial hypertension were evaluated.
Duda 2008
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Garlic exhibits hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, and procirculatory effects. It prevents cold and flu symptoms through immune enhancement and demonstrates anticancer and chemopreventive activities.
Amagase 2006
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Three patients with suspected self-inflicted lower extremity burns is reported. All were soldiers with low motivation who confessed to using garlic to cause the burns.
Friedman 2006
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Short-term supplementation of garlic in human subjects demonstrates increased resistance of LDL to oxidation and the suppressed LDL oxidation may be one mechanism that explains the beneficial effects of garlic in cardiovascular health.
Lau 2006
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Garlic's sulfur components have been reported to suppress experimentally induced tumor incidence in several organs, including the colon. Studies in humans suggest dietary garlic constituents reduce the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps, considered precursors to colon cancer.
Ross 2006
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A patient with HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) who received garlic & lamivudine for 3 years showed improvement in signs of liver failure & hypoxemia , indicating that lamivudine may improve the functional reserve of the liver, while garlic may reduce HPS.
Aky?5
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Systematic review on complementary therapies for peripheral arterial disease included acupuncture, biofeedback, chelation, CO(2)-applications and supplements Allium sativum, Ginkgo biloba, omega-3 fatty acids, Padma 28 and Vitamin E. only Ginkgo biloba and Padma 28 showed positive findings.
Pittler 2005
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[Occupational airborne allergic contact dermatitis from garlic with concurrent Type I allergy.]
Bassioukas 2004
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The presence of oxidant stress in blood samples from patients with atherosclerosis was demonstrated, but ingesting garlic extract prevented oxidation reactions by eliminating this oxidant stress.
Durak 2004
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Among the 49 allergens from the New York University Skin and Cancer Unit Photopatch Test Series, 3 patients had positive results to diallyl disulfide, which is the allergen in garlic.
Alvarez 2003
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Fresh garlic (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.3-12.8) and semi-dried tomatoes (OR 12.6, 95% CI 1.5-103.1) were associated with 32 notifications of Salmonella Virchow infected cases in which 37% reported bloody diarrhoea & S. Virchow was isolated from blood in 13% of cases.
Bennett 2003
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The potential role of soy, garlic, and ginkgo biloba in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment was discussed based on results from recent human clinical trials.
Gardner 2003
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[Noncompliance or too much garlic? When phytotherapy drugs interact with HIV therapy] [Article in German].
Gey 2003
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Application of crushed garlic resulted into second-degree burns to the dorsum of knees, ankles, and feet of two 18-year-old men.
Lachter 2003
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Botulism, a fatal disease caused by toxins of Clostridium botulinum was reported in a 38-year-old man after eating canned "garlic in chilli-oil". [Article in Danish].
Lohse 2003
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[Garlic interaction with fluindione: a case report.]
Pathak 2003
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Ajoene, an organosulfur compound of garlic, reduced basal cell carcinoma tumor size when applied topically to 21 patients with either nodular or superficial basal cell carcinoma. A reduction in tumor size was seen in 17 patients, mainly by inducing the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
Tilli 2003
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Treatment by moxibustion with garlic in 118 cases with acute lymphangitis showed enhanced antagonistic effect of garlic against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus dysenteriae and various kinds of bacteria.
Zhou 2003
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The review critically examined current scientific literature concerning claims of cardiovascular benefits from regular consumption of garlic or garlic preparations.
Brace 2002
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A case of bilateral retro-bulbar haemorrhages with elevated intraocular pressure during strabismus surgery was attributed to ingestion of odourless garlic tablet.
Carden 2002
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[Occupational contact dermatitis from a garlic and herb mixture.]
Hughes 2002
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Nasal challenge test in a patient who presented symptoms when he handled garlic & onion dusts showed an increase in inspiratory nasal resistance which was higher than 100 % of the basal value for both onion extract & garlic.[Article in Spanish].
Jimenez-Timon 2002
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The study of dietary garlic on the blood pressure in 101 humans revealed that individuals whose blood pressure are on the lower side are more likely to consume more garlic in their diets.
Qidwai 2000
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22% of presurgical patients reported use of herbal remedies, especially echinacea, gingko biloba, St. John's wort, garlic & ginseng
Tsen 2000
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Review of evidence for echinacea, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, St John's wort, and valerian
Barrett 1999
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Helicobacter pylori was eliminated in only 1 of 15 people taking 300-mg tablets of dried garlic powder (Li 114; Lichtwer) 3 times a day for 8 weeks
Ernst 1999
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Urea breath test was unchanged in 12 Helicobacter pylori infected adults eating fresh garlic (10 sliced cloves) or capsaicin (six sliced fresh jalapenos)
Graham 1999
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Case control study of 223 patients compared with 491 controls, found association between colorectal cancer and a diet high in refined grains & red meat and low in vegetables, coffee & garlic.
Levi 1999
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Hepatopulmonary syndrome & arterial oxygenation improved in some of the 15 patients taking garlic powder capsules daily for 6 months
Abrams 1998
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Case control study of 345 breast cancer patients compared with matched controls found risk is reduced by ingestion of fiber, garlic & onions
Challier 1998
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"Effects of eifitol on lipid metabolism in patients with clinically different ischemic heart diseases " (Russian, no abstract)
Panchenko 1997
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'The effect of garlic preparation alisat on the level of lipid peroxidation products, activity of various antioxidant enzymes, and blood level of lipoproteins in patients with atherosclerosis " (Russian, no abstract)
Mikhin 1996
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An assessment of 113 patients revealed that 42% of patients noticed an onion or garlic taste before losing consciousness with intravenous thiopentone.
Nor 1996
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Odor of amniotic fluid of pregnant women 45 minutes after ingesting garlic oil
Mennella 1995
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Hepatopulmonary syndrome modest improvement in a patient who declined liver transplantation and took large daily doses of powdered garlic
Caldwell 1992
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[Clinical observation on stubborn pulmonary tuberculosis treated by
garlic-partition moxibustion][Article in Chinese].
Yan 1992
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"A comparative study of the efficacy of garlic and eugenol as palliative agents against dental pain of pulpal origin " (no abstract)
Diaz 1985
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"Sporotrichosis treated with garlic juice. A case report " (no abstract)
Tutakne 1983
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"Garlic in cryptococcal meningitis: a preliminary report of 21 cases " (no abstract)
anon 1980
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"The use of garlic phytoncides in the treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis " (Russian, no abstract)
Vital'eva 1968
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Traditional and Folk Use
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The 9 botanicals frequently promoted to help manage blood glucose are Bitter Melon, Fenugreek, Gymnema Sylvestre, Ivy Gourd, Nopal or Prickly Pear Cactus, Ginseng, Aloe Vera, Russian Tarragon, and Garlic (Allium sativum).
Cefalu 2008
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Traditional Chinese medicine-derived natural products like diallyl disulfide from garlic merit further investigation as novel compounds to eradicate tumors which reveal resistance to established anti-cancer drugs.
Konkimalla 2008
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Review on traditional Indian spices and their health significance shows that garlic, onions, and ginger have been found to modulate favourably the process of carcinogenesis.
Krishnaswamy 2008
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Ear problems of cats and dogs in British Columbia, Canada were treated with 14 medicinal plants including Achillea millefolium L., Calendula officinalis L., and Helichrysum angustifolium (Roth.) G. Don. (Asteraceae) & Allium sativum L.
Lans 2008
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Garlic is considered to be preventive in cardiovascular diseases, regulating BP, lowering blood sugar and cholesterol levels, effective against bacterial, viral, fungal & parasitic infections, enhancing the immune system & having antitumoral & antioxidant features. [Article in Turkish]
Ayaz 2007
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Garlic and its preparations have been used for the treatment of prostate cancer and relief of benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms for decades.
Devrim 2007
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The medicinal plants used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in dogs, cats and pigs in British Columbia, Canada includes Artemisia cina, A. vulgaris, A. annua, Allium sativum.
Lans 2007
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[Fighting cancer at the grocery store. Research shows broccoli sprouts, cabbage, garlic, among other vegetables, contain anti-cancer properties.]
[No authors listed] 2006
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[Aging and antioxidants. Fruits and vegetables are powerful armor.]
Borek 2006
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Cosmetic patients' top four herbal/supplements of usage were chondroitin (18 %), ephedra (18 %), echinacea (14 %), and glucosamine (10 %). The top four used by the general public were echinacea (8 %), garlic (6 %), ginseng (4 %), and ginger (4 %).
Heller 2006
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Close taxonomic relatives of the common onion were used similar to cultivated onion species, but medical use like garlic was mostly reported for species taxonomically not related to garlic.
Keusgen 2006
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The current state of knowledge does not recognize garlic as a true alternative, but will likely find a place for garlic as a complement to established methods of disease prevention and treatment.
Rivlin 2006
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[Complementary, holistic, and integrative medicine: garlic.]
Shamseer 2006
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Compelling evidence supports the health effects attributed to aged garlic extract and its implications in preventing or reducing the risk of cardiovascular ailments, stroke and cancer.
Chauhan 2005
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Study on the medicinal herb use among asthmatic patients attending a specialty care facility in Trinidad shows ginger, garlic, aloes, shandileer, wild onion, pepper and black sage as the most commonly used herbs.
Clement 2005
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[Healing effect of garlic extract on warts and corns.]
Dehghani 2005
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Current evidence suggests that Asian ginseng, garlic, green tea, tomatoes and soy intake as part of the diet may be useful in preventing various cancers.
Boon 2004
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Culturing for GBS at 36 weeks, as a proactive way to research the use of garlic to prevent newborn GBS disease was studied.
Cohain 2004
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[Eating garlic and onion: a matter of life or death.]
Izzo 2004
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Several sulfur-containing compounds, isolated from garlic, have been implicated as highly active antithrombotic agents.
MacDonald 2004
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Review on Ayurveda and Yoga in cardiovascular diseases shows that use of certain spices and herbs such as garlic and turmeric in an overall healthy diet is appropriate.
Mamtani 2004
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[Herbal medications in the perioperative orthopedic surgery patient.]
Trapskin 2004
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The review on the natural treatment of hypertension shows that agents with some evidence of benefit include coenzyme Q10, fish oil, garlic, vitamin C, and L-arginine.
Wilburn 2004
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Study on the use of herbal medicines, food supplements, and OTCs - design and testing of a questionnaire shows that garlic was the most commonly used herbal and food-supplement (14.5%). [Article in Icelandic]
Almarsd?r 2003
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The most beneficial way to treat giardiasis naturally may be a combination approach utilizing both nutritional interventions and phytotherapeutic agents including berberine-containing herbs, garlic, etc.
Hawrelak 2003
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Garlic extract and two of its constituents, diallyl disulphide and allyl alcohol, are potentially useful anti-candidal agents.
Lemar 2003
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Garlic has strong antioxidant properties and its role in preventing age-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, cataract formation etc. had been investigated for the past 10-15 years.
Rahman 2003
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Investigation of registered nurses' knowledge about and use of five common herbal products including garlic among 500 nurses revealed that most of them had neither used nor suggested use of the products.
Sand-Jecklin 2003
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The possible use of employing garlic extracts or essential oils in food industry as an alternative way of protection of foodstuffs from contamination with fungi was mentioned. [Article in Czech]
Sovov?003
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The study of herbs commonly used by women revealed, that in the United States, herbs are considered dietary supplements and garlic slightly lowers blood pressure and lipids.
Tesch 2003
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A review of common complementary and alternative medicine therapies for yeast vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis revealed that tea tree oil and garlic have some in vitro potential for the treatment of vaginitis.
Van Kessel 2003
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Garlic and its preparations have been widely recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes.
Banerjee 2002
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Current scientific literature concerning claims of cardiovascular benefits like lowering of blood lipids, reducing blood pressure, antiatherosclerotic effects and antithrombotic effects from regular consumption of garlic or garlic preparations have been reviewed.
Brace 2002
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The 45 Indian plants which are most effective and most commonly studied in relation to diabetes and their complications includes Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, etc.,
Grover 2002
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An evidence-based literature review of five commonly used herbs in Denmark: St John's wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian, garlic, and ginseng was presented. [Article in Danish]
Kistorp 2002
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Garlic which is originating from Asia, is used by herbalists for its diuretic, antiseptic, stimulating and sudorific properties.[Article in French].
Neuman 2002
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The study of influence of spiced feed additives on taste of hen's eggs revealed that feeding of garlic, fennel, peppermint and marjoram produced well seasoned taste and aromatic flavor.[Article in German].
Richter 2002
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The study of most important biologically active substances and 7 plants used in the prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus includes Allium sativum.[Article in Lithuanian].
Savickiene 2002
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The review of herbs commonly used by women showed that garlic slightly lowers blood pressure and lipids.
Tesch 2002
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Review on the status of herbal antilipemic agents shows that lipid lowering herbal drugs are Allium sativum L., Cynara scolymus L., Curcumae longa L. [Article in German]
Wegener 2002
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[Herbal remedies. Concerns from the medical community.]
Wynn 2002
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[Recent Advances on the Nutritional Effects Associated with the Use of Garlic as a Supplement. November 15-17, 1998. Newport Beach, California, USA. Proceedings.]
[No authors listed] 2001
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Review on three widely used herbs revealed that garlic and ginger, through both experimental and clinical data, appear to be very safe for therapeutic use. However, large-scale, well-designed clinical investigations are needed to establish their efficacy.
Kaul 2001
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Review of medical uses of garlic throughout the ages and the role that it was considered to play in prevention and treatment of disease.
Rivlin 2001
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The garlic (Allium sativa L.) bulb has been used as a food & condiment and the potential health benefit(s) from garlic is largely dependent on the process used to produce a product.
Staba 2001
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[The nutraceutical benefit, part iv: garlic.]
Sato 2000
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Garlic & onion are among the oldest cultivated plants. The antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antitumor, hypolipidaemic, antiarthritic and hypoglycemic activities are reviewed
Ali 2000
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Among 165 plant species for which ethnobotanical survey was carried out fifty-nine plants were claimed to be effective against cancer and prostate disorders, which include Arum dioscorides, Allium sativum, Viscum cruciatum, and Allium cepa.
Ali-Shtayeh 2000
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Many functional foods including soybeans, oats, psyllium, flaxseed, garlic, tea, fish, etc have been found to be potentially beneficial in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Hasler 2000
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Garlic & ginseng are consistently among the biggest selling supplements. Garlic & lecithin were the most used supplements in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
Radimer 2000
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Antihelmintics of Central Italy are Ruta, Cucurbita, Artemisia & Allium sativum while antiparasitics are Juglans, Lupinus, Ruta, Fraxinus, Datura, Artemisia & Allium cepa
Guarrera 1999
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8 popular herbs which are used for centuries as folk remedies were reviewed.
Hadley 1999
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Attacks of paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis, a rare genetic disorder mapped to chromosome 2q31-36, are believed by patients to be mitigated by eating garlic.
Matsuo 1999
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Gastric cancer incidence is low in Jiangsu Province, China, where there is high consumption of raw vegetables, fruit, tomatoes, kidney beans, soy & raw garlic
Takezaki 1999
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[Garlic: the key to sophisticated lowering of hepatocellular lipid.]
Gebhardt 1997
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328 prostate cancer patients compared with matched controls found risk lowered by carotene (0.65), zinc (0.73), B vitamins (0.70), garlic (0.56), beans (0.57)
Key 1997
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Among 626 hypertensive/diabetic patients 2/3 use herbal medicine. Hypertension patients mostly used Allium sativum, Olea europea, Arbutus unedo, Urtica dioica & Petroselinum crispum.
Ziyyat 1997
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Colon & rectum carcinoma were not associated with garlic nor leek consumption in the 150-item food frequency questionnaire of the Netherlands Cohort Study with 120,852 people
Dorant 1996
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Breast cancer was not associated with garlic nor leek consumption in the 150-item food frequency questionnaire of the Netherlands Cohort Study with 120,852 people
Dorant 1995
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Review of antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic potential of some commonly consumed spices & vegetables such as turmeric, mustard, green leafy & allium species.
Krishnaswamy 1995
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Colon cancer is inversely associated with consumption of garlic and total vegetables in the Iowa Women's Health Study of 41,837 women aged 55-69 who completed a 127-item food frequency questionnaire.
Steinmetz 1994
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Allium sativum & Chenopodium ambrosoides were used as anthelmintics in rural Guatemala
Booth 1993
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Review of evidence of garlic for prevention of cancer in humans is not conclusive but warrants further research
Dorant 1993
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"Antibacterial activity of garlic and onions: a historical perspective " (no abstract)
Farbman 1993
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Study of dietary habits of the previous 10 years of 268 endometrial cancer patients found risk increased with fat & protein and lower with fruit & Allium consumption compared with matched controls.
Shu 1993
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"Garlic as cultural historical medicinal plant--truth or superstition? " (no abstract)
Johansson 1992
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Interviews with 564 gastric cancer patients vs. 1131 controls indicates lower risk with fresh vegetables, including garlic
You 1991
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Early remedies for chronic bronchitis included garlic, pepper, cinnamon & turpentine. Later therapies emphasized coffee, ipecac & potassium nitrate. Modern bronchodilators derived from traditional folk remedies: ephedrine, atropine & theophylline
Ziment 1991
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Effects of fractions from Chinese drugs "xiebai" & "dasuan" (roots of Allium bakeri & A. sativum, respectively) on human platelet aggregation
Okuyama 1989
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Folk use and continued popularity of ginseng and garlic
Dubick 1986
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Bulgarian traditional medicine in the Middle Ages with discussion about garlic
Petkov 1986
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"The medical uses of garlic--fact and fiction " (no abstract)
Bolton 1982
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Garlic has had a firm place in folk medicine since ancient times. Modern study shows antimicrobial action, lowering of cholesterol, vascular effects and inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation
Ernst 1981
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"Effect of dietary garlic and onion on serum lipid profile in Jain community " (no abstract)
Sainani 1979
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"Medicinal uses of common Indian vegetables " (no abstract)
Vohora 1973
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Adverse Effects & Toxicity
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Food allergies can be due to a weak allergenicity (garlic, onion, potato), or a weak (or increasing) exposure to emergent food allergens which can be imported (exotic fruits), or recently introduced (lupin, buckwheat, sesame, inulin) or modified by the industry. [Article in French]
Bandelier 2008
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[Endoscopic removal of an unusual foreign body: a garlic-induced acute esophageal injury]
Kim 2008
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Case reports suggest garlic use may cause allergic reactions (allergic dermatitis, urticaria, angiedema, pemphigus, anaphylaxis and photoallergy), alteration of platelet function and coagulation (with a possible risk of bleeding), and burns (when fresh garlic is applied on the skin).
Borrelli 2007
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Determination of the safe dose of garlic in male wistar rats shows that garlic with high dose has the potential to induce liver damage and low doses (0.1 or 0.25 g / kg body weight/day) are safe doses of garlic.
Rana 2006
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Organosulfur compounds present in garlic, including diallyl sulfide (DAS) and allyl methyl sulfide, may be beneficial in inhibiting chemically-induced colon cancer, but longer dosing with higher concentrations of DAS may elicit minor hepatic toxicity.
Davenport 2005
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Garlic has been shown to induce oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes which has been used as a model to study the hepatoprotective property of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Telfairia occidentalis leaf.
Oboh 2005
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Side effects of garlic generally are mild and uncommon. Garlic appears to have no effect on drug metabolism, but patients taking anticoagulants should be cautious. It seems prudent to stop taking high dosages of garlic seven to 10 days before surgery because garlic can prolong bleeding time.
Tattelman 2005
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[Garlic burns: a not-so-rare complication of a naturopathic remedy?]
Dietz 2004
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Contact dermatitis, particularly affecting the fingertips, is a recognized presentation of garlic allergy. There have been no recommendations in the literature with respect to type of gloves that offer the best protection against diallyl disulphide, the major allergen in garlic and onion.
Moyle 2004
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Literature review found 6 herbs including garlic modulate the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (notably cytochrome p450 isozymes) and/or the drug transporter P-glycoprotein hence may have potential pharmacokinetic interactions with anticancer drugs.
Sparreboom 2004
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[Gladness and troubles for using garlic as an anti-oxidant] [Article in Chinese]
Zhang 2004
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The literature on potential risks of commonly used herbal medications including Ginkgo Biloba, St. John's Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, Garlic, Kava and Ephedra was reviewed. [Article in Hebrew]
Zlotogorski Hurvitz 2004
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Performance of phototests for ultraviolet B, A & visible light as well as patch tests & photopatch tests for 49 allergens from New York University Skin & Cancer Unit Photopatch Test Series showed 3 patients had positive photopatch-test results to diallyl disulfide, the allergen in garlic.
Alvarez 2003
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Review of antioxidant effect of garlic found the presence of more than one compound in garlic may have counteractive effects. Raw garlic has high antioxidant potential but higher doses may be toxic to the heart,liver and kidney.
Banerjee 2003
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Sufficient evidence has been provided for semi-dried tomatoes and fresh garlic to be considered as potential risk foods in future Salmonella outbreak investigations.
Bennett 2003
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Most topical preparations are benign; however, garlic poultices can cause burns.
Fugh-Berman 2002
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Anesthetists and surgeons need familiarity with the effects of herbal medicines including garlic, since some have benefits, and some are associated with adverse effects such as increased bleeding tendencies and drug interactions.
Hodges 2002
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[Occupational contact dermatitis from a garlic and herb mixture.]
Hughes 2002
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S-allylcysteine, an amino acid derived from garlic showed stable properties and its acute/subacute toxicity was very minor in mice and rats (LD(50) value >54.7 mM/kg po; >20 mM/kg ip).
Kodera 2002a
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Constituents of Ginkgo biloba, kava, garlic, evening primrose oil, and St. John's wort significantly inhibited one or more of the cDNA human P450 isoforms at concentrations of less than 10 uM.
Zou 2002
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[Inhibition of carcinogenesis and toxicity by dietary constituents.]
Yang 2001
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The commonly used herbal medications which pose a concern during the perioperative period can give rise to complications including bleeding by garlic, ginkgo, and ginseng.
Ang-Lee 2001
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A patient with a second-degree burn of the forehead, induced by topical application of crushed garlic is reported.
Baruchin 2001
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Direct administration of pulverized enteric-coated garlic products on the gastric mucosa caused reddening of the mucosa. When an enteric-coated tablet was administered orally, it caused loss of epithelial cells at the top of crypts in the ileum.
Hoshino 2001
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Toxicity of binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of the essential oil of cedar and neem powder from bulb of garlic and ginger oleoresin with Lawsonia inermis and Embelia ribes fruit powder were studied against L. acuminata and L. exustus.
Singh 2001
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Herbs and dietary supplements have been associated with adverse effects and interactions; for example, garlic inhibits platelet aggregation and can cause significant anticoagulation.
Fugh- Berman 2000
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Application of 15 freshly sliced cloves of garlic fixed to the left knee of a 42 year old woman with film for three hours produced a 2% blistering erythematous rash mimicking second degree burns. [Article in Danish]
Hviid 2000
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Constituents of garlic have the potential to oxidize erythrocyte membranes and hemoglobin, inducing hemolysis associated with the appearance of eccentrocytes in dogs. Thus, foods containing garlic should not be fed to dogs.
Lee 2000
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A 3-month-old infant with blistering lesions and a second-degree burn from topical application of garlic is reported.
Rafaat 2000
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Anti-alliinase antibodies in human serum contain the motif-GKXVXX-
Tchernychev 2000
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Role of certain foods--including garlic, onion & leeks in provoking and exacerbating pemphigus (skin disease)
Brenner 1999
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"Severe toxic contact dermatitis caused by garlic " (no abstract)
Eming 1999
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Case of a patient with a positive type-IV patch test for diallyl disulfide and strong, non-irritant reactions after 20 min and 24 hrs in the scratch chamber test with fresh total garlic. Overview of literature on adverse events.
Jappe 1999
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Colchicum autumnale confused with wild garlic (Allium ursinum) resulted in death of one and a 3-day episode of nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea in the other person
Klintschar 1999
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Case of anaphylactic reaction after eating young garlic in a woman with prior history of allergy & exercise-induced anaphylaxis who had IgE-binding bands at 12 kDa to young garlic, garlic, onion & leek extracts
Perez-Pimiento 1999
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"A case of garlic allergy " (no abstract)
Asero 1998
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Garlic sensitization was shown by a bronchial challenge test in 7 out of 12 garlic workers
Anibarro 1997
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Occupational dermatitis of the fingers from onion, garlic & tulips
Bruynzeel 1997
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Time for the first platelet aggregate to appear in pial arterioles was delayed by 100 mg/kg garlic or by 25 mg/kg aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)
el-Sabban 1997
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Low doses of garlic (50 mg/kg) to rats had little effect on lung & liver tissues as compared to controls whereas high doses (500 mg/kg) resulted in profound changes in lung & liver tissues
Alnaqeeb 1996
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"Can inhalation of garlic dust cause asthma? " (no abstract)
Armentia 1996
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Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic usually has a typical clinical presentation but can be masked by another form of hand dermatitis. Patch testing with 1% diallyl disulfide in petrolatum is recommended if suspected
Delaney 1996
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"Garlic burns mimicking herpes zoster " (no abstract)
Farrell 1996
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Of 1000 dermatology patients, 5 had occupational (food handling) allergy to spices, including garlic, cinnamon, ginger, allspice and clove. Although rare, it should not be overlooked
Kanerva 1996
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A case of occupational asthma caused by several aromatic herbs: thyme, rosemary, bay leaf, and garlic, the latter inducing greatest RAST reactivity
Lemiere 1996
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Case of superficial pemphigus associated with eating garlic
Ruocco 1996
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Pemphigus is induced, in vitro, with skin samples from patients cultured with allylmercaptan, allylmethylsulfide & allylsulfide from garlic
Brenner 1995
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"Effects of garlic extract on platelet aggregation " (no abstract)
Myers 1995
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Human serum contains natural antibodies to alliinase (Alliin lyase) and mannose-specific lectin from garlic
Tchernychev 1995
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Pollen allergy patients have more food allergies, especially peanut, garlic, tomato, onion; and fruits, such as peach; and animal foods, such as egg (white) and pork
Boccafogli 1994
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"Garlic-induced systemic contact dermatitis " (case report, no abstract)
Burden 1994
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Ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) is increased by allyl mercapton which might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis
Takada 1994
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"Garlic burns " (case report, no abstract)
Garty 1993
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Three cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis attributed to garlic. (no abstract)
Seuri 1993
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Data from rat study indicate that the effect of garlic oil on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system is dose-dependent.
Dalvi 1992
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"Allergic contact dermatitis from garlic " (no abstract)
McFadden 1992
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300 & 600 mg/kg/24 h of a Garlic bulb aqueous extract for 21 days causes toxic effects in rats
Fehri 1991
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8 patients developed contact dermatitis after rubbing the cut end of a fresh garlic bulb onto their skin to treat fungal and other infections. Patch tests with garlic extract were all negative
Lee 1991
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"Allergic contact dermatitis due to garlic (Allium sativum) " (no abstract)
Lembo 1991
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[Allergic contact dermatitis attributed to garlic (Allium sativum).]
Lembo 1991
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"An equine case of urticaria associated with dry garlic feeding " (no abstract)
Miyazawa 1991
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Increased weight of seminal vesicles & epididymides of male mice after 3 months of garlic water extract in drinking water (100 mg/kg/d)
al-Bekairi 1990
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"Factitial dermatitis induced by application of garlic " (case report, no abstract)
Kaplan 1990
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Case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma causing paraplegia secondary to a qualitative platelet disorder attributed to excessive garlic ingestion
Rose 1990
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Rise in urea & D-aspartate aminotransferase and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in serum in rats fed garlic extract (20 ml/kg) for 10 days. Garlic oil (100 mg/kg) caused lethal acute pulmonary oedema
Joseph 1989
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"Contact allergy to garlic used for wound healing " (no abstract)
Bojs 1988
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Botulism associated with commercial chopped garlic in soybean oil
St Louis 1988
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Hand eczema among 50 caterers was associated with fish & garlic
Cronin 1987
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Case of a child who sustained partial thickness burns from a garlic-petroleum jelly plaster
Parish 1987
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Sperm motility was inhibited by 7.5 mg/ml of allitridum from garlic
Qian 1986
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Case report and literature review of allergy to onion & garlic, usually an eczema of the fingertips. Risk groups include grocers, housewives & cooks
Lautier 1985
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Genotoxic effects of orally administered garlic and turmeric were not found with bone-marrow cells of mice
Abraham 1984
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LD50 of garlic extract by P.O., I.P. & S.C. administration were estimated over 30 ml/kg in rats & mice
Nakagawa 1984
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"Suspected wild garlic poisoning in sheep " (no abstract)
Stevens 1984
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Garlic-sensitive patients showed positive tests to diallyldisulfide, allylpropyldisulfide, allylmercaptan and allicin
Papageorgiou 1983
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Erratic pulse rates & abnormal ECG, weight loss, lethargy, dehydration & tender skin in toxicological test of garlic in 8 rats for 28 days
Ruffin 1983
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"Immediate and delayed sensitization to garlic " (case report, no abstract)
Campolmi 1982
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"Occupational allergy secondary inhalation of garlic dust " (no abstract)
Couturier 1982
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"Effects of chronic administration of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on testicular function " (no abstract)
Dixit 1982
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Repeated exposure to garlic dust induced severe asthma in an atopic patient who also had high levels of garlic specific IgE
Lybarger 1982
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Case of garlic dust precipitated asthma in a person with IgE anti-garlic antibodies
Falleroni 1981
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"Contact dermatitis caused by Allium sativum " (Romanian case report, no abstract)
Martinescu 1981
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"Contact sensitivity to garlic (Allium) " (case report, no abstract)
Mitchell 1980
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"Occupational eczema from garlic and onion " (no abstract)
van Ketel 1978
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53 patients with contact dermatitis on the fingertips had positive patch tests garlic > onion > tomato > carrot. The antigens in garlic & onion were extractable in water, ether, acetone, or alcohol
Sinha 1977
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Contact allergy by metal, onion & garlic in food handlers
Hjorth 1976
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"Contact dermatitis to garlic; crossreactivity between garlic, onion and tulip " (no abstract)
Bleumink 1973
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"Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic " (no abstract)
Bleumink 1972
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"Garlic food allergy with symptoms of Meniere's disease " (Czech, no abstract)
Benes 1966
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Interactions
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The possible impact of two commonly used herbal medicines, garlic and cranberry was investigated on the pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy male subjects which revealed pharmacodynamic interaction of warfarin with cranberry but not with garlic.
Mohammed Abdul 2008
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Therapy with ajoene, compound from Allium sativum, to treat mice intratracheally infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, indicated it is effective in association with antifungal drugs (sulfametoxazole / trimethoprim), showing a positive additive effect.
Thomaz 2008
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HIV patients taking antiretrovirals should avoid garlic, St. John's wort. Other health products were fine.
[No authors listed] 2006
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Evaluation of 8 water-soluble components of aged garlic extract to assess their potential to inhibit the activity of human cytochrome-P450 (CYP) enzymes suggest that drug interactions involving inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by aged garlic extract are very unlikely.
Greenblatt 2006
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A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of aged garlic extract (AGE) with warfarin in 48 patients suggest that AGE is relatively safe and poses no serious hemorrhagic risk for closely monitored patients on warfarin oral anticoagulation therapy.
Macan 2006
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Fungicidal activity of Amphotericin B against pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and against Aspergillus fumigatus was greatly enhanced by allicin, an allyl-sulfur compound from garlic, by enhancing AmB-induced structural damage to the vacuolar membrane.
Ogita 2006
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47 trials, studying an average of 14 participants/study, examined drug interactions with 19 different herbal preparations. Potential drug interactions were observed with St.John wort (16/24 studies), garlic (2/5 studies) & American ginseng (1 study).
Mills 2005
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It was found that many patients new to warfarin therapy were significant users of complementary and alternative medicines many of which, including cod-liver oil and garlic capsules, had the potential to interact with warfarin.
Ramsay 2005
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[Adverse interactions between low-dose aspirin/warfarin and garlic/ginseng/Ginkgo biloba.]
Rai 2004
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Botanicals including garlic, ginkgo, echinacea, ginseng, were found to participate in potential pharmacokinetic interactions with anticancer drugs.
Sparreboom 2004
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[Garlic interaction with fluindione: a case report.]
Pathak 2003
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Single-time point phenotypic metabolic ratios may provide a practical means of predicting cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans.
Gurley 2002
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[Garlic supplements can impede HIV medication.]
Sussman 2002
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The study of inhibition, resistance development and increased antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance caused by nutraceuticals revealed that garlic, echinacea and zinc products caused large increases in the MIC to ampicillin over baseline values.
Ward 2002
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The study of herb-drug interactions revealed that garlic changes pharmacokinetic variables of paracetamol, decreases blood concentrations of warfarin and produces hypoglycaemia when taken with chlorpropamide.
Izzo 2001
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[Garlic reduces saquinavir blood levels 50%; may affect other drugs.]
James 2001
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A review of potential interactions of herbal remedies with anticoagulants reveals 2 herbal supplements in particular, ginkgo biloba and garlic, have demonstrated effects on warfarin.
Evans 2000
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Plausible cases of herb-drug interactions include bleeding when warfarin is combined with ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), garlic (Allium sativum), dong quai (Angelica sinensis), or danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza).
Fugh-Berman 2000
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A review of interactions of warfarin a with garlic, ginger, ginkgo, or ginseng reveals that hemorrhage and tendencies were noted in 3 cases with garlic however, the true risks of these interactions and effects are difficult to characterize.
Vaes 2000
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Cytochrome P-450 metabolism by the liver is inhibited by glucosinolates & grapefruit, induced by PAH of broiled/smoked foods, but organo-sulfur compounds in garlic appear to have essentially no effect on drug metabolism
Wilkinson 1997
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Antidiabetic, antibiotic, hypocholesterolaemic, fibrinolytic benefits of onion & garlic use is limited due to inhibition of thiol type enzymes.
Augusti 1996
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N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (allylmercapturic acid) in urine @ 0.43 mg, after 200 mg garlic extract, interferes with detection of occupational exposure to allyl halides
de Rooij 1996
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Many therapeutic actions of garlic parallel physiological effects of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide synthase is increased by garlic treated platelets & placental villous tissue, in vitro. Epinephrine & ADP induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by garlic
Das 1995
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Decrease in GST and increase in cytochrome b5, P-450 & malondialdehyde when garlic (20 or 100 mg/kg) was added to a regimen of betel (0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%) of mice diet
Singh 1995
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Fungus treatment with amphotericin B is synergized by garlic extract that contained 34% allicin, 44% total thiosulfinates, and 20% vinyldithiins
Davis 1994
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Garlic suppressed premature ventricular contractions & ventricular tachycardia in ouabain-intoxicated dogs and ectopic rhythms induced by isoprenaline & aconitine on electrically driven left rat atria (potentiated with propranolol)
Martin 1994
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Contraindications
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Five commonly used herbs St John's wort, ginkgo biloba, valerian, garlic, and ginseng in Denmark were reported to produce potential drug interactions and adverse effects in clinical practice hence recommended for discontinuation before surgery. [Article in Danish].
Kistorp 2002
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Review of the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and pharmokinetics St. John's Wort, chromium, and garlic used for depression, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Safety with renal patients is unstudied
Duncan 1999
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Review of herb-drug interactions suggests Feverfew, garlic, Ginkgo, ginger, and ginseng may alter bleeding time and should not be used concomitantly with warfarin
Miller 1998
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"Effects of aspirin and garlic on cyclooxygenase-induced chemiluminescence in human term placenta " (no abstract)
Das 1997
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"Garlic as a possible risk for postoperative bleeding " (case report, no abstract)
Burnham 1995
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"Garlic and the risk of TURP bleeding " (case report, no abstract)
German 1995
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Collagen induced platelet aggregation decreased with garlic extract in humans but concentrations were higher than normally attainable
Morris 1995
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"Garlic and postoperative bleeding " (no abstract)
Petry 1995
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Animal Studies
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Aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract (AGE) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, intraperitoneal (i.p.) could provide significant protection in the alleviation of DGalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage.
El-Beshbishy 2008
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The oral administration of either selenium or garlic produces a significant protection against liver and kidney damage induced by the HgCl(2) injection, but garlic appears to be more protective in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats.
El-Shenawy 2008
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It is suggested that ginger and garlic are insulinotropic rather than hypoglycemic while overall anti-diabetic effects of ginger were better than those of garlic in a Type 2 Diabetes Model of Rats.
Islam 2008
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Study results show the promising role of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense of aqueous garlic extract (AGE; 200 mg kg(-1) b.w.) and S-allylcysteine (SAC; 100 mg kg(-1) b.w.) on potassium dichromate-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the hepatocytes of Wistar rats.
Kalayarasan 2008
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The effect of Pilopool, composed of high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan, Allium sativum L. extract, mushroom extract, Dioscorea Batatas D., and purple bamboo salt, was investigated on performance of forced swimming test in mice and showed Pilopool as an anti-fatigue agent.
Koo 2008
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Diallyl sulfide, a sulfur-containing volatile compound present in garlic (Allium sativum), exerts anticarcinogenic activity in Swiss albino mice tumor models.
Prasad 2008
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Garlic cannot alter the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), but it significantly decreases the ULV in a dose-dependent pattern, indicating that it can reduce the range of the stimulation strength between the VFT and ULV during the vulnerable period of a cardiac cycle in pigs.
Sungnoon 2008
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) aqueous extracts lessen cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Suru 2008
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Diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil supplement at 5 or 50mg garlic oil/kg bodyweight in rats significantly prolonged bleeding time and thrombin time, and enhanced anticoagulation factor activity, such as antithrombin III and protein C.
Chan 2007
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A study to determine if natural antioxidant foods, dried black grape & garlic protect against cyclosporine nephrotoxicity using 42 SD rats revealed that these diet supplements led to reduced malondialdehyde level in kidney tissue possibly, by preventing oxidant reactions.
Durak 2007
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Investigation of the effects of crude garlic on adult male rat reproductive functions shows crude garlic consumption for 1 month reduced testosterone secretion and altered spermatogenesis at 10%, 15% and 30% doses.
Hammami 2007
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The effect of intraperitoneal administration of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) on the serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity of streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic rats was clarified.
Hosseini 2007
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Garlic cooked for a short time preserves a high bioactivity of non processed garlic. The diet supplemented with these samples and cholesterol improved lipid indices, decreased fibrinogen and increased antioxidant activity in plasma of rats.
Jastrzebski 2007
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The modulatory effect of diallyl sulfide on the expression of H-ras gene product, p21/ras protein as one of the mechanisms of its chemopreventive action in chemically induced mouse skin tumors was demonstrated.
Arora 2006
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A chemoprevention study to evaluate the activity of diallyl disulfide (DADS) as an anticancer agent in prostate carcinogenesis of male Sprague-Dawley rats provides evidence that DADS may have chemopreventive activity in rat prostate carcinogenesis.
Arunkumar 2006
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Evidence supports the beneficial health effects attributed to aged garlic extract in helping prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and lowering the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Borek 2006
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[Effects of garlic powder and taurine supplementation on abdominal fat, muscle weight, and blood amino acid pattern in ovariectomized rats.]
Cheong 2006
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[Effects of garlic powder and soy protein supplementation on blood lipid profiles and amino acid concentrations in postmenopausal hyperlipidemic model rats.]
Cheong 2006a
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Investigation of the effects of garlic oil & its organosulfur compounds on endotoxin-induced intestinal mucosal damage in rats suggests the preventive effect and possible toxicity of garlic oil and its organosulfur compounds in endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation & intestinal damage.
Chiang 2006
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Oral administrations of the garlic extract significantly decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST and ALT levels, and increased serum insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats but not in normal rats.
Eidi 2006
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Diallyl selenide was at least 300-fold more effective than diallyl sulfide in protecting against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in rats.
El-Bayoumy 2006
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The effect of garlic, in a form simulating kitchen preparation, on lipid and antioxidant metabolism in rats was investigated showing that raw and boiled garlic enhances plasma antioxidant activity and improves plasma ipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats.
Gorinstein 2006
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the positive influences of commercial garlic on plasma lipids, proteins, antioxidant activity, and some indices of blood coagulation are dose-dependent. Therefore, commercial garlic in optimal doses could be a valuable component of atherosclerosis-preventing diets.
Gorinstein 2006
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The study on the effects of two garlic sources on systolic blood pressure using spontaneously hypertensive rats suggest that aged garlic extract may safely improve several factors related to blood vessel physiology and circulatory disease.
Harauma 2006
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Investigation of aged garlic extract (AGE) on colon carcinogenesis & cell proliferation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon neoplastic rats showed AGE has a chemopreventive effect on colon carcinogenesis through suppression of cell proliferation.
Katsuki 2006
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The beneficial influence of dietary curcumin (0.2%), capsaicin (0.015%) & garlic (2.0%) on erythrocyte integrity ian high-fat fed rats was studied showing diminished deformability of the erythrocytes in high-fat fed rats.
Kempaiah 2006
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The ability of garlic and related allyl sulfur compounds to block tumors in the colon, lung, breast, and liver in chemically induced carcinogen models suggests general mechanisms that are not tissue specific.
Milner 2006
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Elucidation of mechanism of aged garlic extract (AGE) on physical fatigue in rats caused by repeated endurance exercise on mechanical treadmill apparatus revealed that AGE facilitated turnover of aerobic glucose metabolism, attenuated oxidative stress & promoted oxygen supply based on vasodilation.
Morihara 2006
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The effects of oral administration of some herbal extracts including Allium sativum on food consumption & blood glucose levels in normal & streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats revealed that these herbal extracts produced hypoglycemia, by interfering with food intake or GI glucose absorption.
Musabayane 2006
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A study to assess the ability of some tropical green leafy vegetables to prevent garlic-induced hepatotoxicity in rats found T. occidentalis and C. acontifolus most effective.
Oboh 2006
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Anticoagulant modulation of multiple blood cell types and metabolic pathways involved in the modulation of platelet reactivity were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with garlic oil.
Ohaeri 2006
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The preventive effect of S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (SACS) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial ischaemia in male Wistar rats was evaluated and showed that SACS has a lipid-lowering effect in ISO-induced rats.
Sangeetha 2006
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The protective effect of garlic against the development of right ventricular (RV) pressure and RV hypertrophy in monocrotaline-treated rats is probably mediated via its active metabolite allicin?s action on coronary endothelial function and vasoreactivity.
Sun 2006
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Aged garlic extract inhibited the development of putative preneoplastic lesions in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, involving a slowing in the proliferation rate of liver cells after partial hepatectomy.
Uda 2006
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Investigaion of hypohomocysteinemic action as a cardiovascular protective property of aged garlic extract (AGE) suggests that hypohomocysteinemic effect of AGE is most likely from impaired remethylation of homocysteine to methionine & trans-sulfuration of homocysteine to cystathionine.
Yeh 2006
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Histological examination of an aged garlic extract with a protective effect on the small intestine of rats with methotrexate-induced damage revealed that that the protective effect of AGE is derived from the manner in which it interacts with crypt cells.
Y?006
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The antioxidant effects of chronic administration of aqueous garlic extract on protamine sulfate-induced bladder injury was investigated using wistar albino female rats showing that AGE treatment prevented PS -induced degenerative morphological & biochemical changes of urinary bladder mucosa.
Zeybek 2006
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It is indicated that a quorum sensing-inhibitory extract of garlic renders Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to tobramycin, respiratory burst and phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as well as leading to an improved outcome of pulmonary infections in mice.
Bjarnsholt 2005
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Immune-mediated liver damage in mice can be prevented by allicin, probably because of its immunomodulatory effects on T cells and adhesion molecules and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
Bruck 2005
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The antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of chronic administration of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats was assessed which showed that long-term administration of AGE alleviates liver fibrosis and oxidative damage.
Gedik 2005
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Investigation of antidiabetic effects of ajoene, derived from garlic, in genetically diabetic KK-A(y) mice suggest that hyperglycemia & hypertriglyceridemia are suppressed by ajoene treatment.
Hattori 2005
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The possible protective effect of aqueous garlic extract on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was determined in wistar albino rats revealing that AGE administration reversed the oxidant responses and improved renal function and damage at the microscopic level.
Kabasakal 2005
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Influence of dietary spice principles, curcumin and capsaicin, and the spice, garlic, on the fluidity of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic rats was studied.
Kempaiah 2005
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The protective effect of pretreatment with tomato and garlic against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress was investigated in male Swiss mice and confirmed.
Kumaraguruparan 2005
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Garlic oil and diallyl trisulfide on glycemic control in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes improved glycemic control through increased insulin secretion and increased insulin sensitivity.
Liu 2005
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The effects of honey and aqueous suspensions of garlic and bitter kola on the toxicities induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene, a model carcinogen, were investigated in mice which showed that honey, garlic and bitter kola protect against 2-AAF-induced gamma-GT activity and micronuleated PCEs formation.
Odunola 2005
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Investigation of possible protective effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against naphthalene-induced oxidative changes in liver, kidney, lung and brain of mice showed that the antioxidant properties of AGE ameliorated oxidative organ injury due to naphthalene toxicity.
Omurtag 2005
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Characterization of hematologic and clinical consequences of chronic dietary consumption of freeze-dried garlic at maximum voluntary intake in horses indicates that they will voluntarily consume sufficient quantities of garlic to cause Heinz body anemia.
Pearson 2005
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Based on the potent antioxidant effects of garlic, the putative protective role of aqueous garlic extract against nicotine-induced oxidative organ damage was investigated in male wistar albino rats.
Sener 2005
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The effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats was examined which revealed that AGE alleviates ischaemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats.
Sener 2005a
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The combined chemopreventive effect of S-allylcysteine, an organosulfur constituent of garlic and lycopene, a major carotenoid present in tomatoes, against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and saturated sodium chloride-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was evaluated.
Velmurugan 2005
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It is indicated that aged garlic extract ameliorates renal dysfunction and morphological changes induced by Cyclosporin A (CsA) in rats, and imply that it could be a beneficial remedy for attenuating the CsA nephrotoxicity.
Wongmekiat 2005
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Allitridin could up-regulate expression of T-bet & IFN-gamma and inhibit expression of GATA-3 & IL-10 in murine cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected mice, indicating a Th1 dominant state, which should enhance specific cellular immune reactions against CMV & be helpful for clearance of CMV from the host.
Yi 2005
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The study demonstrated that garlic and turmeric are potent vasorelaxants and reduce the atherogenic properties of cholesterol. Whether combination of these vasodilators in cardiovascular disorders with increased peripheral vascular resistance remains to be determined.
Zahid Ashraf 2005
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Evaluation of the effects of allyl sulfides on O6-methylguanine levels in liver of rats injected with 20 mg/kg of liver carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine shows that dosing with diallyl sulfide or feeding garlic may be useful chemopreventive strategies against nitrosamine-induced cancers.
Zhou 2005
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The comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders(5% of the diet) with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats suggested that garlic partly exerted its anticarcinogenic effects through increasing enzymes involved in AFB1 detoxification.
Berges 2004
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It is found that both garlic and cabbage seed extracts have protective effects in pregnant rats. Moreover, garlic extract was found to have a greater protective effect than cabbage seed extract.
Abdel-Wahhab 2004
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Study of aqueous extracts of garlic & neem leaf during pre- & post-initiation phases of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine showed that modulatory effects of garlic & neem leaf may prevent cancer development at extrahepatic sites.
Arivazhagan 2004
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The chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders was compared with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats.
Berg?2004
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Tomato & garlic by gavage modulate 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-induced genotoxicity & oxidative stress in mice and a broad spectrum of antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects may be achieved through an effective combination of functional foods such as tomato and garlic.
Bhuvaneswari 2004
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Study of tomato, garlic, & turmeric, alone & in combination, against DMBA-induced genetic damage & oxidative stress in mice found that these agents reduced the frequencies of DMBA-induced bone marrow micronuclei & the extent of lipid peroxidation.
Chandra Mohan 2004
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The effects of 2% garlic on liver mineral concentrations in rats fed with corn oil or olive oil was compared which showed the interactions between dietary oils and garlic on liver mineral concentrations in rats.
Chetty 2004
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Investigation of hypolipidemic effect of garlic-derived materials in APOE*3-Leiden mice, a model well suited for drug and dietary intervention studies, revealed that Well-characterized garlic-derived materials are not hypolipidemic in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice.
Espirito Santo 2004
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Well-characterized garlic-derived materials like allium sativum, diallyldisulfide (0.27 g.kg diet(-1)), or powdered garlic in APOE*3-Leiden mice diets had no consistent effect on plasma lipids and did not affect lipoprotein profiles.
Espirito Santo 2004
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The effect of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, the principal constituents of garlic oil on the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, and on the rat model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride was studied.
Fukao 2004
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Emergence of long-term memory for conditioned aversion in rat fetus using garlic essential oil was studied in Pregnant rats and showed that an associative memory can be established before birth & long-term memory can be acquired in utero & expressed postnatally when animals are autonomous.
Gruest 2004
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The five cysteine-containing compounds derived from garlic was found to have marked effects on antioxidant enzymes & spared alpha-tocopherol in Balb/cA mice and reduced fibronectin, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in plasma.
Hsu 2004
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An animal study was carried out to examine the beneficial influence of known hypolipidemic spice principles - curcumin and capsaicin - and the spice garlic on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats.
Kempaiah 2004
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Animal studies were carried out to examine the beneficial influence of known hypolipidemic spice principles--curcumin, capsaicin, and garlic--on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver under induced hypercholesterolemic conditions.
Kempaiah 2004
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Pretreatment of garlic oil at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, 30 min before administration of ethanol caused a decrease in ulcer index & lipid peroxidation and ameliorated the decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels caused by ethanol in rats.
Khosla 2004
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It is suggested that garlic oil possesses antioxidant properties and provides protection against ethanol induced gastric injury in rats.
Khosla 2004
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To determine the effect of the dietary spices ingested to suppress blood lipids on the intestinal condition, the plasma lipid levels and cecal microflora in mice that were fed diets including garlic Allium sativum 'White'(GP) for 4-weeks were examined.
Kuda 2004
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Aged Garlic Extract was useful for preventing psychologically-induced immune suppression in mice by preventing the reduction of hemolytic plaque-forming-cells in spleen cells and anti-SRBC antibody titer in serum.
Kyo 1999
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Allitridin (diallyl trisulfide) of garlic was found to have prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a non-lethal murine cytomegalovirus hepatitis in methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed BALB/c mice at 25 and 75 mg/kg per day doses respectively.
Liu 2004
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The supplementation garlic oil extract in rat model confirmed the development of high rate of bone turnover and osteoporosis & prevented bone loss in the ovariectomized animals.
Mukherjee 2004
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Study of effects of S-allylcysteine(SAC) on oxidative damage & spatial learning & memory deficits produced by intrahippocampal injection of amyloid-beta peptide(ABP) 25-35 in rats showed that SAC prevents ABP induced oxidative stress in hippocampus & ameliorates learning deficits.
P?z-Severiano 2004
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The effect of a garlic-derived compound and well-characterized free radical scavenger, S-allylcysteine, on quinolinic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity and oxidative damage was investigated in rats.
P?z-Severiano 2004a
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The antioxidant role of garlic oil in isoproterenol -induced myocardial infarction in rats were elucidated.
Saravanan 2004
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The colorectal cancer preventive effect was better when the combination of garlic and tomato was (71.62%) administered in SD rats, in comparison to the individual treatment groups (45.27% in garlic & 68.24% in tomato), suggesting the synergistic action of garlic and tomato.
Sengupta 2004
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The effect of garlic was evaluated for its anticarcinogenic effects in rat colon.in terms of aberrant crypt foci, putative preneoplastic lesions in the colon.
Sengupta 2004
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The preventive effect on azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats was better when the combination of garlic and tomato was administered in comparison to the individual treatment groups, suggesting the synergistic action of garlic and tomato.
Sengupta 2004a
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[Effect of thyme oil and garlic powder on microbial fermentation in various sections of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers.]
Shanmugavelu 2004
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The plant-derived molluscicides singly and in binary combinations withother herbal molluscicides including Allium sativum bulb powder and extracted acetogenins caused a significant reduction in the fecundity, hatchability, and survival of young snails.
Singh 2004
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The inhibitory effect of diallyl sulphide a sulphur-containing volatile compound present in Garlic on the development of diethylnitrosamine initiated and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene promoted preneoplastic altered hepatic foci in Wistar rats was demonstrated.
Singh 2004
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The antiatheraogenic effect of Allium sativum was markedly manifested by a reduction of lipid plaques in the arteries in hypercholesterolemic animals, decreased accumulation of cholesterol in vascular walls, and other positive interventions. [Article in Czech.]
Sovova 2004
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Pretreatment of allicin, the active component of freshly crushed garlic cloves, prevented increase of lipid peroxidation & decreased liver antioxidant enzyme levels in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis rats.
Vimal 2004
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Garlic extract(dose equivalent to 3.3 g to 33 g garlic) has been beneficial effect on frog?s heart rate, modulating the rate, rhythm and force of contraction positively but very high doses may exert non-desirable effects as well.
Yadav 2004
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The lipid-lowering effects of a mixture composed of turtle egg powder, safflower oil, garlic powder and VE was studied in 50 male SD rats and showed decrease in Serum TC and TG levels. [Article in Chinese]
Yu 2004
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Elephant garlic volatile oil (Allium ampeloprasum) both in pre- and post-treatment of Swiss albino mice protected trichothecene toxin induced epidermal damage in a mouse footpad.
Nguansangiam 2003
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Among the garlic, cabbage, and onion extracts, garlic was found to be the most effective in the prevention of aflatoxin-induced toxicity and free radical generation tested in 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Abdel-Wahhab 2003
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The antihypertensive action of garlic was associated with a reversal of Na/H exchanger -1 induction in the unclipped kidneys of rats but the reduced sodium pump activity caused necrosis in the 2K-1C clipped kidneys due to cellular retention of Na+.
Al-Qattan 2003
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It is suggested that garlic oil or melatonin may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidants status in streptozotocin induced-diabetes in rats.
Anwar 2003
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The effect of S-allylcysteine, a water-soluble garlic constituent, on cytokeratin expression, a sensitive and specific marker for differentiation status during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male Syrian hamsters was examined.
Balasenthil 2003
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Administration of garlic (250mg/kg body weight) to hamster painted with 12-dimethyl enz[a]anthracene restored retinoic acid receptor beta mRNA expression to normal pattern through which garlic exerts its chemopreventive effects.
Balasenthil 2003
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Garlic treatment of streptozotocin-diabetic rats can prevent the development of abnormal contractility through an endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanism.
Baluchnejadmojarad 2003
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Long-term administration of garlic extract (i.p.) attenuated various functional alterations induced by streptozotocin-diabetes in the vascular system of an insulin-dependent rat model of uncontrolled diabetes.
Baluchnejadmojarad 2003a
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Intraperitoneal administration of aqueous garlic extract 100mg/kg/day in rats improved endothelial dysfunction in insulin-dependent model of uncontrolled diabetes.
Baluchnejadmojarad 2003b
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Alchinal, a complex herbal preparation containing extracts of Echinacea purpurea & Allium sativum with cocoa at 30 microl doses for 10 days enhanced antiparasitic immunity in mice infected with Trichinella larvae.
Bany 2003
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The feasibility of using dietary garlic on the reduction of amyloid burden in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that overexpresses the human amyloid precursor protein 695 carrying Swedish double mutation was studied.
Chauhan 2003
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Among the 6 dietary constituents, garlic squeeze produced 40% inhibition against nicotine-DNA adduction in mice by in vivo using an ultrasensitive method of accelerator mass spectrometry.
Cheng 2003
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The effects of garlic on hypercholesterolemic risk factors in rats fed with corn oil or olive oil with and without cholesterol enrichment in the diet was compared.
Chetty 2003
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The antioxidant status was found to be higher when vitamin E was administered as compared with S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide of Allium Sativum, administered to nicotine-treated rats.
Helen 2003
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The aqueous and methanolic extracts of garlic at the effective doses of 0.2 & 5.12 g/kg respectively found to have a protective effect against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice.
Hosseinzadeh 2003
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It is found that garlic or its derivatives have hypolipidaemic effect in submammalian vertebrates and the cholesterol lowering effect of allitin and garlic can be commercially exploited for producing fish with low cholesterol for possible human consumption.
Johnson 2003
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Dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of plasma triglyceride in Japanese quail, which could be due to insulin like activity of dietary alliums and other factors that promote lipogenesisi in growing stages.
Kumar 2003
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The suppression of glutathione (GSH) -transferase positive foci formation by garlic powder diet was partially affected by the increase of total GSH content and GSH peroxidase activity in diethylnitrosamine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
Kweon 2003
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1% garlic powder supplement in rabbits exerted hypocholesterolemic and/or antiatherogenic effect and found that the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity may delay the progression of atherosclerosis.
Kwon 2003
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The protective effect of aged garlic extract against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was associated with decreased oxidative stress and the preservation of manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in renal cortex of rats.
Maldonado 2003
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Aged garlic extract may be a useful agent for the prevention of gentamicin-nephrotoxicity by decreasing the oxidative stress and the preservation of Mn-SOD, GPx, and GR activities in renal cortex.
Maldonado 2003
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S-allylcysteine, a garlic-derived compound, ameliorates the gentamicin-induced acute renal failure by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to decrease oxidative stress and to preserve antioxidant enzymes activity in renal cortex.
Maldonado 2003
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The therapeutic potential of Caps HT2 which contains 9 herbal drugs including Allium sativum, against vascular intimal damage and atherogenesis leading to various types of cardiovascular problems was evaluated in rats.
Mary 2003
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The comparative effects of food condiments including garlic on sodium arsenite-induced clastogenicity in mice showed the degree of reduction in the order ginger > garlic > cloves > sconio.
Odunola 2003
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The mechanism by which diallyl disulfide has a renoprotective effect in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats may be related, at least in part, to the amelioration in the oxidative stress and the preservation in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in kidney.
Pedraza-Chaverr?003
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Study on the effect of aqueous garlic extract against oxidative organ damage in a rat with 30% thermal injury in total body surface area revealed that it protects tissues against oxidative damage.
Sener 2003
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Tomato and garlic suspensions (2% (w/v)) was found to be protective on Sprague-Dawley rats with azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis where significant reduction in Brdu labelling index and increase in apoptotic index in colon was observed.
Sengupta 2003
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Investigation of antihypertensive mechanism of garlic in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat revealed negative correlation between consumption of garlic, blood pressure and ACE activity in serum and different tissues in 2K1C rats.
Sharifi 2003
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The effect of garlic on serum and tissue including: aorta, heart, kidney, lung as well as circulatory (serum) ACE activity in 2K1C rats were examined.
Sharifi 2003
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Evaluation of the combined effects of Trigonella and Allium extracts in the regulation of hyperthyroidism in rats suggests that they may be used individually and not together in the regulation of hyperthyroidism.
Tahiliani 2003
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The combined effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativum extracts at 200 and 500 mg/kg body wt. respectively, were equipotent as compared to the individuals in lowering the serum concentrations of T3 and T4 in hyperthyroidic rats.
Tahiliani 2003a
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Administration of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativum extracts at 220 & 500 mg/kg/day respectively in hyperthyroid rats decreased the serum glucose concentration as well as the serum thyroid hormones.
Tahiliani 2003b
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Study on the inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoene suggest it may be of only limited value in preventing the thrombotic microangiopathy that develops when pPBPC are infused into baboons.
Teranishi 2003
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Some organosulfur compounds derived from garlic, including S-allylcysteine, have been found to retard the growth of chemically induced and transplantable tumors in several animal models.
Thomson 2003
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The inhibitory effect of garlic extract, diallyl sulphide and diallyl disulphide against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in BALB/cA mice was studied & the influence upon the levels of fibronectin, interleukin-6 & lipid oxidation in MRSA-infected mice was examined.
Tsao 2003
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It is found that the compound, sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate, identified in boiled garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the causative agents of garlic-induced hemolysis in dogs.
Yamato 2003
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Administration of aqueous garlic extract to animals painted with DMBA inhibited DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis as revealed by the absence of neoplasms, induction of tissue transglutaminase and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression in male Syrian hamsters.
Balasenthil 2002
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The results of the present study suggest that inhibition of induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by garlic may be due to its regulatory effects on differentiation, tumour invasiveness, migratory and metastatic potential.
Balasenthil 2002
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Administration of garlic extract, 250 mg/kg to hamsters painted with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene suppressed hamster buccal pouch carcinomas and restored normal cytokeratin expression.
Balasenthil 2002a
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These results showed that chronic garlic intake dose dependently augmented endogenous antioxidants, which might have important direct cytoprotective effects on the heart, especially in the event of oxidant stress induced injury.
Banerjee 2002
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This study strongly suggests that chronic garlic administration prevents oxidative stress and associated ultrastructural changes, induced by myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart.
Banerjee 2002
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This study shows that allicin improves postischemic pulmonary artery flow using a non-nothermic rat lung ischemia-reperfusion model.
Batirel 2002
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Garlic paste in the diets of laying hens reduced serum and yolk cholesterol concentrations and had no adverse effects on layer performance.
Chowdhury 2002
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The possible effects of garlic extract supplementation on blood oxidant/antioxidant status, blood lipid profile and coronary plaque formation process were investigated in cholesterol-fed 31 male rabbits of New Zealand.
Durak 2002
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In this study garlic extract supplementation activated the antioxidant system, decreased peroxidation in aortic tissue and reduced atherosclerotic plaque in twenty-two male New Zealand White rabbits who were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet.
Durak 2002
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The induction of rGSTA5 (glutathione S-transferase A5) and rAFAR1 (aldehyde reductase 1) is probably the main mechanism by which allyl sulfides from garlic give protection against aflatoxin B(1)-induced carcinogenesis in rat liver.
Guyonnet 2002
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Treatment of 4% garlic extract in Mongolian gerbils was useful as an agent for prevention of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, leading to reduction in the risk of gastric cancer.
Iimuro 2002
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An examination of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in various groups, indicated that RBCs of hypercholesterolemic rats were relatively fragile compared to normal controls. Dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic appeared to correct this increased fragility of erythrocytes.
Kempaiah 2002
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Rats fed fresh garlic extrac had significantly lower intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) mRNA levels compared with the control rats, whereas hepatic MTP mRNA levels were not affected.
Lin 2002
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This study revealed that Biomphalaria alexandrina glucose and glycogen were decreased significantly after feeding on onion and garlic. Also phenol oxidase activity was highly significantly decreased after as well.
Mantawy 2002
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Over 45 days, fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed with garlic showed significant increase in the erythrocyte number, leucocyte, haemoglobin rate, hematocrit and thrombocyte.
Martins 2002
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The quantitative analysis of alliin and allicin, as well as of alliinase activity was described using 4-mercaptopyridine, a commercially available chromogenic thiol assay.
Miron 2002
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These results indicate that aged garlic extract (AGE) increased Nitric oxide (NO) production by activating constitutive NO synthase, but not inducible NO synthase in mice plasma. The arginine contained in AGE was not responsible for the effect.
Morihara 2002
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Ajoene, of garlic at 250 microg suppressed skin tumor formation and had only 4.9% the number of tumors per mouse compared with the control group.
Nishikawa 2002
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The effects of dietary garlic powder on diethylnitrosamine- induced hepatocarcinogenesis and cytochrome P450 enzymes in weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats by using the medium-term bioassay system was determined.
Park 2002
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It is suggested that 1% w/w wild garlic (Allium ursinum) has a greater therapeutic benefit compared to 1% w/w regular garlic (Allium sativum) on blood pressure and blood chemistries of rats.
Preuss 2002
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The effect of the 10 spices including garlic (Allium sativum), extract from garlic, sage (Salvia officinalis), caraway (Carum carvi), and sausage-mix fed to white hybrids on the quality of eggs (n = 705) was tested by 10 qualified persons. [Article in German]
Richter 2002
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The enzyme alliinase was isolated from garlic bulbs, its crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization revealed two dimeric molecules per asymmetric unit.
Shimon 2002
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The post-initiation-stage feeding of heated garlic, at 10% in the diet, inhibited N-Ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced duodenal and jejunal carcinogenesis of C57BL/6 Mice.
Shimpo 2002
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This study revealed that diallyl sulfide (DAS), an organosulfur compound present in garlic, increased the life span of ehrlich ascites (EA) tumor bearing Swiss albino mice by more than 25 percent. A significant dose dependant cytotoxic response of DAS was also observed on EA tumor cells.
Shukla 2002
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This investigation reveals that garlic extract has chemopreventive potential against Cyclophosphamide induced chromosomal mutations in Swiss albino mice.
Shukla 2002
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The effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS), an organosulfur compound present in garlic (Allium sativum), on the life span of ehrlich ascites tumor bearing Swiss albino mice, cytotoxicity and angiogenesis was studied which revealed that DAS may exert its anticarcinogenic effects by more than one mechanism.
Shukla 2002
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The study of effects of raw garlic on physical performance and learning behaviour in normal rats revealed that garlic at 1g/kg/day and pentoxifylline (200 mg/kg/day) showed beneficial effects in the rope model & step down model tests.
Sookvanichsilp 2002
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Results attribute the modulatory effect of garlic oil on rat hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes to three major allyl sulfide components diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. There modulatory activity varies, and is related to the number of sulfur atoms.
Wu 2002
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Selenium-enriched garlic was found to be superior to selenite or common garlic in decreasing the blood lipid level and peroxidative status in experimental hyperlipidemic rats. [Article in Chinese].
Zhang 2002b
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Twelve aqueous extracts of Jordan plants including Allium sativum tested in mice showed significant augmentation of natural killer cells in vivo (52.6% +/- 5.4% cytotoxicity) against YAC tumour targets.
Abuharfeil 2001
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The clipped rats' thromboxane-B2 & prostaglandin-E2 concentrations were close to 34 & 4 ng/ml, respectively,& declined only in response to garlic(by 15 & 3 ng/ml)The blood pressure of these rats was 196+/-7 mmHg and again was reduced only by garlic to 169+/-14 mmHg.
Al-Qattan 2001
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Pretreatment with aqueous garlic extract (250 mg/kg bodyweight) for 5 days significantly reduced the frequencies of a carcinogenic nitrosamine-induced micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in metaphase cells from the bone marrow of male Wistar rats.
Arivazhagan 2001
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The hypolipidemic effect of garlic was greater than amla or onion on albino rats with significantly raised serum and tissue lipids from three months feeding on diets high on butter fat and/or beef.
Augusti 2001
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When 5% garlic was incorporated with any of the high fat diets of rats, the lipid parameters, their peroxidation and alterations in enzyme activities were significantly decreased.
Augusti 2001
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S-allylcysteine from garlic suppressed the incidence of DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male Syrian hamstes, decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation and significantly enhanced antioxidant activities.
Balasenthil 2001
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The study results suggest that garlic may exert its chemopreventive effects on 4NQO-induced tongue carcinogenesis in male rats by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase.
Balasenthil 2001
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The results, from an investigation of Wistar albino rats fed with fresh garlic homogenate daily, suggest that garlic in low doses has the potential to enhance the endogenous antioxidant status, although at higher doses a reversal of these effects is observed.
Banerjee 2001
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Kyolic aged garlic extrac exerts antiatherogenic effects through inhibition of smooth muscle phenotypic change and proliferation, and by an unclarified effect on artery wall lipid accumulation in rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 6 weeks.
Campbell 2001
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These results indicate that dietary fat and garlic oil independently modulate P(450) 2B1 and placental form of glutathione S-transferase expression in rat liver at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional stages.
Chen 2001
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The similar effect of allicin and enalapril on blood pressure, insulin, and triglycerides in Sprague-Dawley rats, reinforces the trend toward combining the nonpharmacologic approach with drug therapy.
Elkayam 2001
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These findings demonstrated the beneficial effect of garlic as a possible means of protection against oncoming vascular pathology associated with damage to mouse pial microvessels in response to water deprivation.
Fahim 2001
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The results suggest that diallyl sulfide may be an effective antioxidant candidate and may therefore play a significant role in the defense against lipid peroxidation in mice orally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae.
Grudzinski 2001
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This study on male SPF Wistar rats demonstrated that the antimutagenic activities of naturally occurring organosulfur compounds against several ultimate carcinogens were closely related to their ability to induce phase II enzymes.
Guyonnet 2001
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Pretreatment with ajoene, a garlic-derived sulfur-compound, suppressed the rise in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity, the reduction in the hepatic reduced glutathione level and the decrease in hepatic protein thiol content resulting from acetaminophen administration.
Hattori 2001
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Labeled dextran (FD-4, mw 4400) absorption increased in the antitumour drug-treated rats fed a diet without garlic, whereas FD-4 absorption was depressed in rats fed the diet containing AGE. These results suggest that aged garlic extract (AGE) may protect the small intestine.
Horie 2001
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Aqueous extracts of garlic inhibit hatching of Aedes aegypti (L.) eggs. Thus, compounds in garlic may be beneficial in the control of mosquitoes.
Jarial 2001
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The clearance of the toxic metabolites of the acetaminophen overdose from the liver of albino male mice (18-22 g) occurs much faster in those treated immediately with garlic oil (200mg/kg).
Kalantari 2001
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Aged garlic extract decreased antigen-specific ear swelling in immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic mouse model, inhibited growth of Sarcoma-180 and LL/2 lung carcinoma cells in transplanted carcinoma cell model and prevented the decrease in spleen weight in psychological stress model.
Kyo 2001
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The data suggested that compounds in garlic or their metabolites may increase the acetylation of core nucleosomal histones and thereby favor cell differentiation in rat liver and hepatoma.
Lea 2001
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Allium cepa or A. sativum when fed to Biomphalaria alexandrina caused reduction in the liver enzyme ALP, haemolymph and growth rate of newly hatched snails and over all toxicity.
Mantawy 2001
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These results in rats suggests that aged garlic extract improves microcirculation, rheological blood properties, preserves the structure and function of erythrocytes through an antioxidant process and via membrane stabilization of erythrocytes.
Moriguchi 2001
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These studies suggest that diet supplementation with S:-allylcysteine, a major thioallyl compound found in aged garlic extract, may reduce age-related learning disabilities and cognitive disorders in senescence-accelerated mice.
Nishiyama 2001
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These results suggest that dietary supplementation with 0.8 g/100 g garlic alters hormones associated with protein anabolism by increasing testicular testosterone and decreasing plasma corticosterone in rats fed a high protein diet.
Oi 2001
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This data strongly suggest that the diminished renal and hepatic Regulation of catalase (CAT) expression in garlic-fed rats is mediated by post-transcriptional changes.
Pedraza-Chaverri 2001
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When groups of 10 Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) were fed diets containing either 1% w/w regular garlic (Allium sativum) (AS) or wild garlic (Allium ursinum) (AU) for 45 days, the results suggest that AU has a greater therapeutic benefit at a given concentration.
Preuss 2001
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This study concludes that oral administration of the therapeutic dose of garlic for ten days has no serious side effects on gastric and hepatic tissues and could be used as a prophylactic tool against cobra snake envenomation.
Rahmy 2001
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Concomitant use of garlic extract at the three different doses in 30 female rats was found to reduce lead concentration considerably, indicating the potential therapeutic activity of garlic against lead.
Senapati 2001
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This reported that repeated doses of antioxidants or garlic could reduce the toxic effects exerted by CCl(4) upon the liver of male rats through inhibition of cytochrome P450 system.
Sheweita 2001
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The results of this study indicate that diallyl disulfide inhibits the growth of H-ras oncogene transformed tumors in vivo by inhibiting the membrane association of p21(H-ras).
Singh 2001
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These data suggest that garlic fractions could prevent diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and vascular alterations in the endothelium-dependent relaxation associated with atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rats.
Slowing 2001
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Pre-treatment with S-allylmercaptocysteine before acetaminophen administration in mice significantly suppressed hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity and induction of inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein, a marker of acetaminophen arylation of protein.
Sumioka 2001
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In vitro, selenium-enriched garlic (Se-garlic) inhibits the growth of cultured human gastric carcinoma (cell line MGC803) through action of garlic. In vivo, Se-garlic is able to inhibit growth of MGC803 tumor in nude mice by being better than either garlic and selenium alone.
Tang 2001
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Results indicate that garlic oil and three allyl compounds play a differential role in modulation of the glutathione-related antioxidant system in rat livers and red blood cells.
Wu 2001
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Among 13 aqueous extracts prepared from Jordanian plants, tested in mice for their ability to augment natural killer (NK) cell function in vitro in generating cytotoxicity against YAC tumor targets, Allium sativum at 1:100 dilution produced a maximum of 48.5% NK activity.
Abuharfeil 2000
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The aqueous garlic extract was found to be beneficial in reducing blood cholesterol,triglycerides levels and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Ali 2000
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Cholesterol, triglyceride & blood pressure were lowered by Lichtwer garlic powder (1.3% alliin equivalent to 0.6% allicin) in rats fed a 2% high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks
Ali 2000
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Glutathione increased and lipid peroxidation was reduced by garlic & neem leaf extracts in MNNG (nitrosoguanidine)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats
Arivazhagan 2000
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Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) decreased glutathione and increased lipid peroxides was countered by 5 day pretreatment with garlic and neem leaf extracts in rats
Arivazhagan 2000
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Administration of garlic and neem leaf extracts significantly lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced the hepatic levels of glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes in MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats.
Arivazhagan 2000
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Administration of S-allylcysteine (SAC), a water-soluble constituent of garlic, significantly suppressed DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters as revealed by the absence of neoplasms.
Balasenthil 2000
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Administration of garlic extract significantly decreased lipid peroxidation with simultaneous depletion of antioxidants in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male Syrian hamsters.
Balasenthil 2000
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These results suggest that garlic extract in combination with an antimonial drug, provided effective therapy in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice.
Ghazanfari 2000
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CYP2B and mutagen activation were increased in microsomes from rats treated with diallyl sulfide (DAS), dipropyl sulfide (DPS) or dipropyl disulfide (DPDS)
Guyonnet 2000
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The present data suggest that pulmonary vasodilator responses to allicin are independent of the synthesis of nitric oxide, ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, activation of cyclooxygenase enzyme, or changes in bronchomotor tone in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat.
Kaye 2000
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These findings show that garlic extract modulates the production and function of both endothelium-derived relaxing and constricting factors in rat isolated pulmonary arteries, and this may contribute to its protective effect against hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Kim-Park 2000
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Wild garlic produced the greatest pressure-lowering effects compared to cultivated garlic preparations and renin-angiotensin system and the nitric oxide system were found to be involved in the antihypertensive effects of garlic in hypertensive rats.
Mohamadi 2000
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Doxorubicin mortality rate of 58% in mice was reduced to 30% by S-Allylcysteine, an organosulfur compound from garlic. Serum creatine phosphokinase was lowered from 5472 to 1923 i.u./L
Mostafa 2000
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A diuretic and natriuretic fraction from garlic was purified and bioassayed in anaesthesized dogs. The purified fraction also induced an inhibitory dose-dependent effect on kidney Na, K-ATPase.
Pantoja 2000
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Transmission electron microscopic studies, revealed 16 weeks of daily oral feeding of garlic extract (100 mg/kg) caused anti-atherosclerotic effect at the coronary arteriolar (15-30 microns) wall in STZ-rats and thickening of coronary capillary (5-10 microns) basement membrane also was attenuated.
Patumraj 2000
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This study found a rise in lipoperoxidation and the decrease in Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities observed in the control group, were prevented in rats fed a 2% garlic diet.
Pedraza-Chaverri 2000
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These data indicate that garlic treatment ameliorates hyperlipidemia and renal damage in chronic Nephrotic syndrome, which is unrelated to proteinuria or antioxidant enzymes.
Pedraza-Chaverri 2000
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Histopathological examination of rat livers using H & E staining indicated that there was no significant difference between the control group and the garlic treated group in the two pathological parameters namely granularity and vacuolation of the cytoplasm.
Samaranayake 2000
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The drug CK-4, derived from garlic (Allium sativum) at 100 mg/kg body weight of albino mice infected with hymenolepiasis failed to provide 100% antihelminthic efficiency.[Article in Russian].
Streliaeva 2000
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Garlic treats oral precancer of the palatal mucosae of 42 Wistar rats by improving the levels of epithelial cells' nuclei copper, selenium, and molybdenum and extranuclei selenium and molybdenum.
Tang 2000
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Garlic inhibits oral carcinogenesis induced by 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in 62 Wistar rats by changing concentrations of intranuclear and cytoplasm trace elements like copper, zinc, selenium, and the ratio of the 3 elements.[Article in Chinese].
Tang 2000a
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Adriamycin oxidative stress on mice red blood cells were made smaller by 20 mg/kg garlic: the increase in malondialdehyde was cut from +105 to +38% and the decrease in glutathione peroxidase was cut from -24 to -15%
Thabrew 2000
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The rapid recovery of platelet cyclooxygenase activity in rabbits after infusion of a single dose of garlic suggests that garlic should be taken more frequently in order to achieve beneficial effects in the prevention of thrombosis.
Thomson 2000
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Antihypertensive effect maximum is 2-6 h after administering 0.5 ml of aqueous extract of garlic to rats and continued for up to 24 h
Al-Qattan 1999
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DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis was suppressed by 250 mg/kg aqueous garlic extract 3 times a week for 14 weeks in hamsters
Balasenthil 1999
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Treatment with diallyl sulfide (200 mg/kg) and fresh garlic homogenates (2 or 4 g/kg) decreased the hepatic catalase level in rats & mice to 5% and 35% of control level respectively.
Chen 1999b
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Intraocular pressure is reduced 4-6 mmHg by topical application of garlic-derived compound, S-allylmercaptocysteine (20, 100, 200 microg) in rabbits
Chu 1999
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NMU induced tumors were unaffected by 666-2,000 ppm of S-allylcysteine from aged garlic in rats
Cohen 1999
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It is shown that allitridin injection, an active anti-infection component of garlic, had an obvious anti-cytomegalovirus activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Fang 1999
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Lipid peroxidation decreased along with increases in catalase, superoxide dismutase & glutathione peroxidase in rats fed 100 mg garlic or onion oils/kg for 21 d
Helen 1999
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Methotrexate damage to the small intestine was reduced by aged garlic extract in rats
Horie 1999
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Lipid peroxidation is reduced by garlic; hypercholesterolemia is lowered by garlic, pectin & gemfibrozil; the aortic wall is most protected by gemfibrozil; in rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 28 days
Ismail 1999
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Aged garlic extract (10 ml/kg, p.o.) prevented adrenal hypertrophy, hyperglycemia & elevation of corticosterone, but did not alter serum insulin level in immobilization stressed mice
Kasuga 1999
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TNBS induced colitis & increase in NHE-3 protein were reduced by Garlic in rats
Khan 1999
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Increases in acetaldehyde & acetate after ethanol ingestion were diminished by garlic pretreatment in mice. CYP-2E1 & 1A2 increased and aldehyde dehydrogenase decreased
Kishimoto 1999
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Glucose levels and pain response were decreased by garlic (ethanol extract, 45 mg/kg/d for 28 days) in alloxan diabetic mice
Kumar 1999
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Methylmercury (20 mg/kg) embryotoxicity was reduced by garlic (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg) in rats
Lee 1999
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Quinone reductase & glutathione transferase (phase II detoxification enzymes) increased by 0.3 mg/kg/day diallyl disulfide (DADS) in the gastrointestinal tract (esp.forestomach, duodenum & jejunum) of rats
Munday 1999
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Perirenal adipose tissue & epididymal fat pad were reduced, while mitochondrial protein, uncoupling protein, urinary noradrenaline & adrenaline excretion were greater in rats fed garlic powder
Oi 1999
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Hypolipidemic action of garlic is mainly due to increased cholesterol degradation to bile acids and neutral sterols and mobilization of triacyl glycerols. Garlic protein (500 mg/kg/d) is comparable with gugu-lipid (50 mg/kg/d)
Rajasree 1999
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Weight gain was reduced by garlic oil (GO) & diallyl disulfide (DADS). GST was increased by DADS & diallyl sulfide (DAS). Glutathione peroxidase was inhibited by GO & DADS. glutathione reductase was stimulated by DADS & DAS
Sheen 1999
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Efficacy of garlic extract for cryptosporidiosis in chickens was 24.4% so it is concluded that cannot be recommended for that
Sreter 1999
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Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (high-altitude syndrome) is prevented by 100 mg/kg for 5 days in rats. Benefit is blocked by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor)
Fallon 1998
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"Anti tubercular activity of garlic oil " (letter, no abstract)
Jain 1998
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NDMA suppression of antibody response was reduced by pretreatment with diallyl sulfide (DAS) in mice. DAS decreased cytochrome CYP2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylase & NDMA demethylase activities
Jeong 1998
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Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a flavor component of garlic was found to be effective on N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice.
Jeong 1998
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Liver catalase decreased, glutathione peroxidase increased, while GST was unaffected in rats fed garlic 23 weeks. Azoxymethane induced increase of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase was prevented
Khanum 1998
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Allium Sativum inhibited tumor growth and lengthened life duration with the rate of inhibiting tumor of 74.35% and life lengthening rate of 42.4%, in cancer model of S180 mice. [Article in Chinese].
Li 1998
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Cryptosporidium infected calves were not benefited by allicin
Olson 1998
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L-NAME induced arterial hypertension in control rats but not in garlic-fed rats indicating that garlic antagonizes the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on NO production
Pedraza-Chaverri 1998
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Garlic (500 mg/kg/d) to alcohol fed rats increased antiperoxide activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase & GST compared with Gugulipid (50 mg/kg/d)
Rajasree 1998
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Tumors were delayed & decreased by diallyl sulfide (DAS) in a two stage DMBA/TPA initiation-promotion mouse skin carcinogenesis model
Singh 1998
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Protection against acetaminophen induced liver injury in mice by S-Allylmercaptocysteine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) is related to decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase & Cyp2E1-dependent N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase
Sumioka 1998
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Aged garlic extract containing food (2%, w/w) prevented the reduction of the antibody production response induced by thymectomy & improved the thymectomy-induced deterioration of learning behaviours in passive avoidance performance and in a spatial memory task in male ddY mice.
Zhang 1998
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Acetaminophen (350 mg/kg) induced cataracts were prevented by diallyl disulfide (DADS) @ 200 mg/kg and N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) @ 500 mg/kg in mice
Zhao 1998
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Combination of garlic and ginger is more effective at improving blood glucose and serum lipids than either alone or placebo in rats
Ahmed 1997
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Rat life span (days) was controls (434), garlic 0.5% of chow (453), linseed oil 2.5% of chow (470), garlic + linseed (495). Systolic blood pressure was lowered by the supplements
Brandle 1997
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Arsenite-induced chromosomal aberrations were reduced by aqueous extract of garlic (100 mg/kg b.w.) and mustard oil (0.643 mg/kg b.w.) in mice
Choudhury 1997
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The treatment of aged garlic extract Kyolic' reduces fatty streak development, vessel wall cholesterol accumulation and the development of fibro fatty plaques in neointimas of cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Efendy 1997
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The mechanism other than Glutathione S-transferase induction is likely to be responsible for the differential effects of diallyl sulfide and diallyl trisulfide on benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer in mice.
Hu 1997
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Glutathione S-transferase and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase doubled while P-450 1A1 (responsible for DMBA activation), 1A2, 2B1, 2E1 & 3A4 were unchanged in rats fed selenium-enriched garlic for two weeks
Ip 1997
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Feeding of dietary garlic or copper 208 male chickens for 21 d reduced cholesterol levels of broiler meat without altering growth of chickens or feed efficiency.
Konjufca 1997
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In a novel strain of senescence accelerated mouse characterized by age-related brain atrophy, treatment with aged garlic extract prevented the decrease in brain weight and other atrophic changes in frontal brain at 12 months of age.
Moriguchi 1997
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Memory retention impairment and cerebrum shrinkage of Senescence-Accelerated mice were alleviated by aged garlic extract
Nishiyama 1997
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A significant reduction in the excretion of urinary mutagens by carcinogen (benzo[a]pyrene ) exposed rats fed with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%concentrations of garlic was observed.
Polasa 1997
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Atherosclerotic protection by garlic powder (300 mg twice daily orally to rabbits) was associated with decreased aortic malondialdehyde & chemiluminescence (marker for antioxidant reserve) despite unchanged serum cholesterol
Prasad 1997
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Bladder carcinoma in mice treated with 5 weekly immunizations of garlic (5 mg, 5 mg, 1 mg, 1 mg & 1 mg; cumulative dose = 13 mg) had reduced tumor incidence, tumor growth, & increased survival compared with controls
Riggs 1997
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Inhibition of mammary DMBA-DNA adducts by selenite (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) is enhanced by garlic powder (20 or 40 g/kg diet) in rats
Schaffer 1997
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Decrease in CYP 2E1 and increase in CYP 2B1,2 and phase II enzyme activities such as GST & UDP-glucuronyl transferases by garlic compounds in rats
Siess 1997
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Aflatoxin B1 induced mutagenesis (Salmonella assay) is inhibited by turmeric, curcumin, asafoetida, BHA, BHT & ellagic acid. AFB1 induced foci are reduced by dietary turmeric (0.05%), garlic (0.25%), curcumin & ellagic acid (0.005% each) in rats
Soni 1997
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Treatment of mice with garlic organosulfides diallyl sulfide, diallyl di and trisulfides resulted in a significant increase, in both hepatic and forestomach glutathione transferase activity toward anti-BPDE, which is the ultimate carcinogen of benzo(a)pyrene.
Srivastava 1997
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S-Methylcysteine which occurs in a variety of plants, including Allium sativum and cysteine are chemopreventive agents for rat hepatocarcinogenesis and their intake is important for cancer prevention.
Takada 1997
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Dietary garlic powder (20 g/kg) reduced DNA adduct formation in rat mammary tissue caused by 7,12-dimethyl benz(a) anthracenethis and this protection is influenced by dietary factors like L-methionine, corn oil,selenite and retinyl acetate.
Amagase 1996
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Alloxan diabetes was alleviated almost as much by S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide from garlic as did glibenclamide & insulin in rats
Augusti 1996
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Aqueous garlic extract (1 ml/kg) reduced leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin E2 levels in the 8 min and 60 min reperfused rats and helpful in reducing arachidonic acid metabolite levels and preventing injury after ischemic phenomena.
Batirel 1996
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Garlic was more potent than onion in lowering the thromboxane B2 levels in rats and a high dose of garlic and onion produces toxicity in the rats; boiled garlic and onion at high concentration (500 mg/ kg) had very little effect on TXB2 synthesis.
Bordia 1996
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Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in serum was reduced by a low dose of aqueous extract of garlic (50 mg/kg) but not by boiled garlic and onion in rats
Bordia 1996
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Chromosomal aberrations and damaged cells were decreased, dose dependently, after a week of fresh garlic (25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight) to mice
Das 1996
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Hyperthermia-induced platelet aggregation & thrombosis were reduced in garlic-treated mice
el-Sabban 1996
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The study of effect of garlic on thrombus formation and patency in the mouse pial microcirculation in response to hyperthermia reveals that it delayed hyperthermia-induced platelet aggregation, in vivo.
el-Sabban 1996
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Radioactive-calcium induced increase in hepatic total lipids, triglycerides & phospholipids and decrease in free fatty acids was prevended by garlic oil in mice
Gupta 1996
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Treatment of mice with diallyl sulfide and diallyl trisulfide, which are potent inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene -induced fore- stomach cancer in mice, resulted in a significant increase in hepatic and forestomach GST activity toward anti-BPDE.
Hu 1996
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Cancer is reduced in rats as much by 1 month of Se-garlic immediately after carcinogen as 5 months. Starting 13 weeks after carcinogen gave no benefit. This suggests effect is on clonal expansion and/or selection of transformed cells
Ip 1996
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S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide, a sulphur containing aminoacid of garlic protected radiation effect induced by whole body irradiation in albino rats with 400 rads by Cobalt 60 source.
Jaiswal 1996
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Cell cycle was unaffected by plain garlic extract whereas Se-garlic extract or Se-methylselenocysteine resulted in growth inhibition, GI arrest & apoptotic DNA double strand breaks
Lu 1996
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Increases in sulphated glycosaminoglycans in heart and aorta produced in rats were controlled by feeding daily with Garlic protein diet or 2% garlic oil administration.
Mathew 1996a
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Garlic protein (16% of diet) and garlic oil(100 mg/kg body weight/day) exhibited lipid lowering effects on hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol containing diet in albino rats by causing decrease in hepatic cholesterogenesis.
Mathew 1996b
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The water-soluble compound S-allyl cysteine from garlic is effective in reducing the risk of chemically induced tumors in experimental animals, but diallyl disulfide is effective in reducing the proliferation of neoplasms.
Milner 1996
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Learning deficit and survival were improved by a diet containing 2% aged garlic extract senescence-accelerated mice
Moriguchi 1996
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Trypanosomes in mice were completely suppressed by 5.0 mg/ml of the oily extract from the pulp and cure was obtained in 4 days @ 120 mg/kg/d. Activity was in the acetic acid/methanol fraction
Nok 1996
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Diuretic-natriuretic effect (dose-dependent) and gradual decrease in heart rate, but not in arterial blood pressure, in rabbits given purified fractions of garlic (2, 4 & 6 micrograms/kg dry weight)
Pantoja 1996
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Intravenous administration of purified garlic (2, 4 and 6 micrograms/kg dry weight) to anaesthetized rabbits elicited dose-dependent diuretic-natriuretic responses.
Pantoja 1996
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Immunodetectable CYP2E1 protein levels were decreased by diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) in rats
Reicks 1996
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The clastogenic effects of sodium arsenite (0.1 mg/kg b.wt.) were reduced by prolonged administration of garlic extract (100 mg/kg b.wt.) in mice.
RoyChoudhury 1996
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Garlic and associated allyl sulfur components S-allyl cysteine and diallyl disulfide were effective inhibitors of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced rat mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Schaffer 1996
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An organosulfur compound from garlic, diallyl disulfide suppresses the growth of H-ras oncogene transformed tumors in nude mice by inhibiting the membrane association of tumoral p21H-ras.
Singh 1996a
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In the garlic extract pretreated irradiated mice, a significant reduction was observed in the sulphydryl content and glutathione S-transferase activity.
Singh 1996b
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Colon cancer was inhibited by 2.5% garlic diet in rats; equivalence in humans of 4.76 g/m2 body surface/day
Cheng 1995
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The tellurium hypothesis for how garlic lowers lipids
Larner 1995
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S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide from garlic reverses the deleterious effects of cholesterol diet almost as effectively as gugulipid in rats
Sheela 1995
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S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide, from garlic, is as active as gugulipid for hypercholestermia & obesity in cholesterol fed rats; associated with inhibition of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lipogenic enzymes & HMG CoA reductase & stimulation of lipolysis
Sheela 1995
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"The effect of topically garlic solution painting on experimental oral precancer and oral cancer in rats " (Chinese, no abstract)
Tang 1995
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Lead concentrations were reduced in muscle and liver tissues of chickens given both lead and garlic simultaneously or as a post-treatment
Hanafy 1994
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Aged garlic extract afforded protection against doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg body wt i.p.) induced cardiotoxicity in mice as evidenced by biochemical, pathological and electrocardiographic parameters.
Kojima 1994
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DNA adducts caused by N-nitroso compounds (7-N-mG & 6-O-mG) were reduced 55% in rats fed a diets with 2% garlic powder
Lin 1994
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Memory tests with mice were improved when fed a diet containing 2% aged garlic extract
Moriguchi 1994
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Malaria parasitemia was suppressed in mice by a single dose of 50 mg/kg ajoene (4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), and was co | | |
